FACCE ERA-NET+ An integrated approach to evaluate and harvest genetic diversity for breeding climate-resilient barley

FACCE ERA-NET 评估和收获遗传多样性以培育气候适应型大麦的综合方法

• 批准号: BB/M01813X/1
• 负责人: Tamas Dalmay
• 金额: $ 18.78万
• 依托单位: University of East Anglia
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2014 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=BB%2FM01813X%2F1
• 关键词: FACCE; ERA; NET+; integrated; approach

Based on studies in model plants, there is an increasing understanding of stress response and disease resistance pathways in plants and how these pathways intersect and interact. This understanding will help create a framework within the proposed ClimBar project in which to place the GWAS-based results and in which to carry out GS and ideotype modelling. Environmental stresses such as heat, cold, drought, flooding and attack by pathogens are not experienced singly; the phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) plays a fundamental role in stress adaptation in plants and in integrating and fine-tuning stress-response signalling networks [1,2] and triggers downstream expression of drought-response genes via the ABF transcription factor [3]. The detailed signalling pathway involved is beginning to be unravelled in Arabidopsis [4] and some work on these regulatory pathways and gene networks in other species has been carried out [5,6]. In barley, curtailment of grain filling and hence yield during terminal drought stress is mediated by changes in ABA levels [7]. It will be important to understand how different stress-signalling pathways interact in barley because there is accumulating evidence for severe trade-off effects between, e.g., stress imposed by drought and biotrophic pathogens [8]. ClimBar will contribute to this understanding. Barley is emerging as a model for studying the genetics of stress adaptation; quantitative trait loci (QTL) and candidate genes for biotic and abiotic stress resistance have already been identified in barley [9,10], although their relevance to large germplasm sets and particular physiological features related to resilience, as studied in ClimBar will need to be established. An emerging and important question is the means by which stress response is communicated to the next generation. A resilient response to stresses induced by climate change implies that a plant will not only recover from the stress, but also that the next generation will not be compromised in its germination, growth, yield, or quality. Progeny of infected plants can display epigenetic memories of infections in the parents [11]. There are emerging lines of evidence that epigenetic DNA methylation and histone modifications such as those mediated by polycomb group of proteins are responsive to ABA and active in barley embryos [12,13]. Recent work in Arabidopsis has uncovered loci controlling epigenetic effects [14], a genetics of epigenetics; this suggest that the ClimBar study may uncover a parallel set of loci in barley, helping to provide breeding leads for resilience.

基于对模式植物的研究，人们对植物的胁迫反应和抗病途径以及这些途径如何交叉和相互作用的了解越来越多。这种理解将有助于在拟议的ClimBar项目中创建一个框架，在该框架中放置基于gwas的结果，并在其中进行GS和理想型建模。环境压力，如热、冷、干旱、洪水和病原体的攻击，不是单独经历的；植物激素ABA （abscisic acid， ABA）在植物适应逆境、整合和微调逆境响应信号网络中发挥着重要作用[1,2]，并通过ABF转录因子[3]触发下游干旱响应基因的表达。拟南芥[4]中所涉及的详细信号通路已经开始被揭示，并且在其他物种中已经开展了一些关于这些调控通路和基因网络的工作[5,6]。在大麦中，干旱胁迫后期籽粒灌浆和产量的减少是由ABA水平的变化介导的。了解不同的应激信号通路如何在大麦中相互作用是很重要的，因为越来越多的证据表明，干旱和生物营养病原体造成的应激之间存在严重的权衡效应。ClimBar将有助于理解这一点。大麦正在成为研究压力适应遗传学的一个模型；已经在大麦中发现了生物和非生物抗逆性的数量性状位点（QTL）和候选基因[9,10]，尽管如ClimBar所研究的，它们与大型种质集和与抗逆性相关的特定生理特征的相关性还需要进一步确定。一个新出现的重要问题是如何将应激反应传递给下一代。对气候变化引起的压力的弹性反应意味着植物不仅能从压力中恢复过来，而且下一代的发芽、生长、产量或质量也不会受到影响。受感染植株的后代在亲本bbb中表现出受感染的表观遗传记忆。越来越多的证据表明，表观遗传DNA甲基化和组蛋白修饰，如由多梳蛋白群介导的修饰，对ABA有反应，并在大麦胚胎中活跃[12,13]。最近对拟南芥的研究发现了控制表观遗传效应[14]的基因座，[14]是表观遗传中的一种基因；这表明，ClimBar研究可能会在大麦中发现一组平行的基因座，有助于为恢复力提供育种线索。