15 NSFBIO SAUR regulation of stomatal aperture

15 NSFBIO SAUR 气孔孔径调节

• 批准号: BB/P011586/1
• 负责人: Michael Blatt
• 金额: $ 59.76万
• 依托单位: University of Glasgow
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2017 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=BB%2FP011586%2F1
• 关键词: 15; NSFBIO; SAUR; regulation; stomatal

Guard cells control photosynthesis and transpiration by regulating opening and closing of stomatal pores. We know much about how guard cells shrink in response to the drought stress hormone ABA, leading to stomatal closure. In contrast, we have sparse knowledge of the biochemical events by which guard cells swell to cause stomatal opening in response to light and diurnal rhythms. We have found that Arabidopsis SAUR (Small Auxin Up RNA) proteins can promote stomatal opening. This proposal will be to unravel under what conditions and by what mechanisms they do so.SAUR genes are a large class in all land plants. Several Arabidopsis SAUR proteins localize to the plasma membrane and promote cell expansion. These proteins are normally short-lived, but can be stabilized in the plasma membrane. We know that closely related SAUR proteins promote growth by inhibiting membrane-associated protein phosphatases that otherwise dephosphorylate plasma membrane H+-ATPases at a key regulatory site and increase H+-ATPase proton pumping. The same SAURs also promote stomatal opening when expressed in guard cells and a subset of these are preferentially expressed in guard cells under conditions in which stomata are open, but are repressed by drought or ABA. By contrast, ABA activates other SAUR genes in guard cells which may have opposing effects on stomatal function. Thus, what we do not know is whether these opposing actions are unique, whether they overlap, or whether SAUR-mediated signalling affects other transport and homeostatic processes in guard cells. Multiple transporters in both the plasma membrane and the tonoplast influence guard cell shrinking and swelling, and their activities often depend either directly or indirectly on the activation status of the others. Thus, to understand stomatal dynamics, it is essential to gain a global, systems view of guard cell transport and homeostasis. A major component of this project will exploit computational models that simulate these couplings using parameters based on experimental measurements. Starting points for current modelling will draw on past predictions that changes in H+-ATPase activity will have significant effects on stomatal aperture. For example, increased H+-ATPase activity in the model leads to slower stomatal closing at dusk and also to changed cytoplasmic concentrations of several other ions. Such knowledge will aid in experimental design and will also form a basis for subsequent validation.The collaborating researchers have complementary expertise in guard cell physiology (Blatt), computational modeling (Blatt), biochemistry (Gray), genetics (Reed, Nagpal), and auxin response (Gray, Nagpal, Reed). The collaboration will pool resources and expertise developed in the three labs to make possible the multipronged approach.

保卫细胞通过调节气孔的开闭来控制光合作用和蒸腾作用。我们对保护细胞如何在干旱应激激素ABA的作用下收缩，导致气孔关闭已经了解得很多。相比之下，我们对保护细胞在响应光和昼夜节律时膨胀导致气孔打开的生化事件知之甚少。我们发现拟南芥中的SAUR （Small Auxin Up RNA）蛋白能够促进气孔的开放。这项建议将阐明它们在什么条件下和通过什么机制这样做。SAUR基因在所有陆生植物中都有很大的一类。一些拟南芥SAUR蛋白定位于质膜并促进细胞扩增。这些蛋白质通常是短命的，但可以在质膜中稳定下来。我们知道密切相关的SAUR蛋白通过抑制膜相关蛋白磷酸酶来促进生长，否则膜相关蛋白磷酸酶会在关键调控位点使质膜H+- atp酶去磷酸化，并增加H+- atp酶质子泵送。相同的SAURs在保护细胞中表达时也促进气孔开放，其中一部分在气孔开放条件下优先在保护细胞中表达，但受到干旱或ABA的抑制。相反，ABA激活保护细胞中的其他SAUR基因，可能对气孔功能产生相反的影响。因此，我们不知道的是这些相反的作用是否独特，它们是否重叠，或者saur介导的信号传导是否影响保护细胞中的其他运输和稳态过程。质膜和张力质体中的多种转运体影响保护细胞的收缩和肿胀，它们的活性通常直接或间接地依赖于其他转运体的激活状态。因此，为了理解气孔动力学，有必要获得保护细胞运输和体内平衡的全局系统视图。该项目的一个主要组成部分是利用基于实验测量的参数来模拟这些耦合的计算模型。当前建模的起点将借鉴过去的预测，即H+- atp酶活性的变化将对气孔孔径产生重大影响。例如，模型中H+- atp酶活性的增加导致黄昏时气孔关闭速度减慢，也会改变细胞质中其他几种离子的浓度。这些知识将有助于实验设计，也将形成后续验证的基础。合作研究人员在保护细胞生理学（Blatt），计算建模（Blatt），生物化学（Gray），遗传学（Reed, Nagpal）和生长素反应（Gray, Nagpal, Reed）方面具有互补的专业知识。此次合作将汇集三个实验室开发的资源和专业知识，使多管齐下的方法成为可能。

项目成果

New Faces behind the Scenes.

幕后新面孔。

• DOI: 10.1104/pp.18.00140
• 发表时间: 2018
• 期刊: Plant physiology
• 影响因子: 7.4
• 作者: Blatt MR

Evolutionary Conservation of ABA Signaling for Stomatal Closure

气孔关闭 ABA 信号的进化保守

• DOI: 10.1104/pp.16.01848
• 发表时间: 2017-06-01
• 期刊: PLANT PHYSIOLOGY
• 影响因子: 7.4
• 作者: Cai, Shengguan;Chen, Guang;Chen, Zhong-Hua
• 通讯作者: Chen, Zhong-Hua

Evolution of rapid blue-light response linked to explosive diversification of ferns in angiosperm forests.

快速蓝光反应的进化与被子植物森林中蕨类植物的爆炸性多样化有关。

• DOI: 10.1111/nph.17135
• 发表时间: 2021-05
• 期刊: The New phytologist
• 作者: Cai S;Huang Y;Chen F;Zhang X;Sessa E;Zhao C;Marchant DB;Xue D;Chen G;Dai F;Leebens-Mack JH;Zhang G;Shabala S;Christie JM;Blatt MR;Nevo E;Soltis PS;Soltis DE;Franks PJ;Wu F;Chen ZH
• 通讯作者: Chen ZH

Plant Physiology Launches Associate Features Editors.

植物生理学推出副专题编辑。

• DOI: 10.1104/pp.18.00113
• 发表时间: 2018
• 期刊: Plant physiology
• 影响因子: 7.4
• 作者: Blatt MR

Light-Driven Chloride Transport Kinetics of Halorhodopsin.

• DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2018.06.009
• 发表时间: 2018-07
• 期刊: Biophysical journal
• 影响因子: 3.4
• 作者: Hasin Feroz;Bryan H Ferlez;Cécile Lefoulon;Tingwei Ren;Carol S. Baker;John P. Gajewski;D. J. Lugar;Sandeep Gaudana;P. Butler;Jonas Hühn;M. Lamping;W. Parak;J. Hibberd;C. Kerfeld;N. Smirnoff;M. Blatt;J. Golbeck;Manish Kumar