CONTROL OF PATTERN FORMATION IN DROSOPHILA

生物体的发育始于合子的形成。 这个单细胞分裂，多细胞胚胎由一系列 在空间和时间上井然有序的特定事件，导致了 正常模式的有机体的分化。我们用苍蝇 来分析这些事件，因为我们可以访问 现代细胞和分子技术以及基因工具。二 我们的研究涉及图案形成的初始控制。 第一(1)问胚胎早期事件是如何控制的。 具体地说，我们将测试是否有临界量的核 材料会影响核子运动的时间。第二(2)个请求 关于这些事件的时间安排的影响，通过引发核 迁移太早或太晚。我们还将探讨 花纹分化中的细胞表面和细胞通讯 通过研究：(3)细胞可遗传性与非遗传性的作用。 非遗传性成分(如细胞环境)在形成 生物体的模式和(4)细胞差异的程度 承诺(决心)体现在细胞的表面。我们会 测试单元格是否根据单元格的差异进行排序 使用细胞结合试验测定和直接测量其 识别特异度。我们还将比较细胞的表面属性 带着同样的决心，但从不同的发展阶段，去看 无论它们是否共享相似的识别属性。最后，通过使用 免疫探针，我们计划识别重要的细胞表面抗原 在细胞识别方面。这些研究取得的结果及其 解释将不仅对理解 果蝇的发育，也适用于发育生物学的一般。

The development of an organism starts with the formation of the zygote. This single cell divides and a multicellular embryo is formed by a series of specific events well ordered in space and time, leading to the differentiation of a normally patterned organism. We use the fly Drosophila melanogaster to analyze these events because we have access to modern cellular and molecular techniques as well as genetical tools. Two of our investigations deal with the initial control of pattern formation. The first (1) asks how early events in the embryo are controlled. Specifically we will test whether or not a critical amount of nuclear material influences the timing of nuclear movement. The second (2) asks about the effect of the timing of these events, by inducing nuclear migration too early or too late. We will also probe the significance of the cell surface and cell communication in the differentiation of a pattern by investigating the following: (3) the role of cell heritable vs. nonheritable (e.g. the cells environment) components in forming the patterns of an organism and (4) the extent to which differences in cell commitment (determination) are manifested on the cell's surface. We will test whether or not cells sort out according to differences in cell determination and directly measure, using a cell binding assay, their recognition specificity. We will also compare surface properties of cells with the same determination but from different developmental stages, to see whether or not they share similar recognition properties. Finally by using immunological probes, we plan to identify cell surface antigens important in cell recognition. The results obtained in these studies and their interpretation will have implications not only for understanding the development of Drosophila, but also for developmental biology in general.