Materials World Network: The Designer Nanoparticle

材料世界网络：设计师纳米粒子

• 批准号: EP/H047786/1
• 负责人: Robert Dryfe
• 金额: $ 40.82万
• 依托单位: University of Manchester
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2010 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=EP%2FH047786%2F1
• 关键词: Materials; World; Network; Designer; Nanoparticle

Progress in nanotechnology relies upon the production of nanoparticles. During the past decade many recipes have been introduced for the synthesis of nanoparticles from the solution phase, including particles of different composition, shape, and architecture such as core and shell structures. In spite of this extensive work we lack a molecular level understanding of the nucleation and growth of nanoparticles that could lead to their rational, rather than empirical, design. We propose a new approach based upon a combination of X-ray probes and interfacial localization of the evolving nanoparticle structure.Most of the solution phase routes to metal nanoparticles exploit the reduction of the metal ion by a reducing agent. This agent (or another species) can act as a capping ligand, defining the particle size. The study of the growth process of metal nanoparticles is greatly simplified if reactants (i.e., metal ion and reducing agent) are physically separated from one another, by their locaton in two (immiscible) liquid phases. Nucleation and growth of the nanoparticles then takes place at the interface between these two liquid phases. Such localization allows for the use of X-ray absorption, which would not readily detect particles dispersed homogeneously across a solution volume, but can be applied in the interfacial case because the particles are highly concentrated at the interface. X-ray absorption spectroscopy probes the local geometric and electronic structure in non-crystalline systems, including determination of the chemical species and the chemical state of the atoms. In addition to this spectroscopic probe, we propose to use a structural probe, X-ray surface scattering, to study the in-plane and out-of-plane structure, including the shape, size, and organization of the particles, as well as the depletion of reactant species near the interface. We propose to combine these X-ray techniques with electrochemical control of the interfacial reaction at the liquid/liquid interface, both to monitor the progress in particle growth as well as to investigate the influence of the applied potential in controlling particle production.The proposed collaboration of scientists from the UK and the USA will use state-of-the-art X-ray spectroscopy, surface scattering and electrochemistry techniques. The PI from the USA has expertise combining X-ray surface scattering with in situ electrochemical control of the liquid-liquid interface. ThePIs from the UK have combined expertise in synchrotron X-ray spectroscopy and in the growth and characterization of metal nanoparticles at the liquid-liquid interface. This unusual and complementary set of techniques and approaches will be used to investigate the nucleation and growth of metalnanoparticles with the aim of understanding these processes at the molecular level in order to provide the basis for a rational approach to their synthesis.A molecular-level understanding of metal nanoparticle nucleation and growth will allow for the production of nanoparticles with designed properties. This should influence the development of applications of nanoparticles in a number of areas, including the design of new materials for catalytic,opto-electronic, and coating applications.The proposed collaboration utilizing state-of-the-art X-ray spectroscopy and surface scattering, as well as electrochemical analysis will provide a rare, possibly unique, collection of techniques and approaches. There are not many researchers with expertise in both X-ray spectroscopy and surfacescattering, in spite of the complementarity of these techniques in characterizing materials. Similarly, experts in synchrotron X-ray techniques are rarely familiar with a broad range of analytical chemistry techniques. The opportunity for cross training in these areas will provide early career researchers with a unique perspective at the beginning of their careers.

纳米技术的进步依赖于纳米颗粒的生产。在过去的十年中，已经引入了许多配方用于从溶液相合成纳米颗粒，包括不同组成、形状和结构（例如核和壳结构）的颗粒。尽管这项广泛的工作，我们缺乏一个分子水平的理解的成核和生长的纳米粒子，可能导致其合理的，而不是经验，设计。我们提出了一种新的方法，基于X射线探针和不断发展的纳米粒子结构的界面定位的组合。大多数的溶液相路线的金属纳米粒子利用还原剂的金属离子的还原。该试剂（或另一种物质）可以充当封端配体，限定粒度。如果反应物（即，金属离子和还原剂）通过它们在两个（不混溶的）液相中的位置而彼此物理分离。然后在这两个液相之间的界面处发生纳米颗粒的成核和生长。这种定位允许使用X射线吸收，其不容易检测均匀分散在溶液体积中的颗粒，但可以应用于界面情况，因为颗粒高度集中在界面处。X射线吸收光谱探测非晶体系统中的局部几何和电子结构，包括确定原子的化学物质和化学状态。除了这种光谱探针，我们建议使用结构探针，X射线表面散射，研究面内和面外结构，包括形状，尺寸和组织的颗粒，以及耗尽的反应物物种附近的接口。我们建议联合收割机结合这些X射线技术与电化学控制的界面反应在液/液界面，既要监测颗粒生长的进展，以及调查的影响，在控制颗粒production.The拟议的合作的科学家从英国和美国将使用国家的最先进的X射线光谱，表面散射和电化学技术的应用潜力。来自美国的PI拥有将X射线表面散射与液-液界面的原位电化学控制相结合的专业知识。来自英国的PI结合了同步加速器X射线光谱学以及液-液界面金属纳米颗粒生长和表征方面的专业知识。这套不寻常的和互补的技术和方法将被用来研究金属纳米粒子的成核和生长，目的是在分子水平上理解这些过程，以提供一个合理的方法来合成它们的基础。这将影响纳米粒子在许多领域的应用发展，包括催化、光电和涂层应用新材料的设计，利用最先进的X射线光谱和表面散射以及电化学分析的合作将提供一种罕见的、可能是独特的技术和方法。尽管X射线光谱学和表面散射技术在表征材料方面具有互补性，但拥有这两种技术的研究人员并不多。同样，同步加速器X射线技术的专家很少熟悉广泛的分析化学技术。在这些领域进行交叉培训的机会将为早期职业研究人员在职业生涯开始时提供独特的视角。

项目成果

The significance of bromide in the Brust-Schiffrin synthesis of thiol protected gold nanoparticles.

• DOI: 10.1039/c7sc03266h
• 发表时间: 2017-12-01
• 期刊: Chemical science
• 影响因子: 8.4
• 作者: Booth SG;Uehara A;Chang SY;La Fontaine C;Fujii T;Okamoto Y;Imai T;Schroeder SLM;Dryfe RAW
• 通讯作者: Dryfe RAW

Solids at the liquid-liquid interface: Electrocatalysis with pre-formed nanoparticles

• DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2013.03.185
• 发表时间: 2013-11-01
• 期刊: ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA
• 影响因子: 6.6
• 作者: Gruender, Yvonne;Fabian, Marcel D.;Dryfe, Robert A. W.
• 通讯作者: Dryfe, Robert A. W.

Automated analysis of XANES: A feasibility study of Au reference compounds

XANES 自动分析：Au 参考化合物的可行性研究

• DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/712/1/012070
• 发表时间: 2016
• 期刊: Conference Series
• 作者: Chang S

Detection and characterisation of sub-critical nuclei during reactive Pd metal nucleation by X-ray absorption spectroscopy

• DOI: 10.1039/c5ce01883h
• 发表时间: 2016-01-01
• 期刊: CRYSTENGCOMM
• 影响因子: 3.1
• 作者: Chang, S. -Y.;Gruender, Y.;Schroeder, S. L. M.
• 通讯作者: Schroeder, S. L. M.

In Situ Spectroelectrochemistry at Free-Standing Liquid-Liquid Interfaces: UV-vis Spectroscopy, Microfocus X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy, and Fluorescence Imaging

• DOI: 10.1021/jp312060f
• 发表时间: 2013-03-21
• 期刊: JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C
• 影响因子: 3.7
• 作者: Gruender, Yvonne;Mosselmans, J. Frederick W.;Dryfe, Robert A. W.
• 通讯作者: Dryfe, Robert A. W.