SELF-ANALYSIS AND THE COGNITIVATION OF ATTITUDES

这项拟议中的研究将调查自我反思对 态度和态度-行为一致性。 之前的几项研究表明， 论证了一种反思，分析了一个人的原因， 情绪，会降低态度行为的一致性。 原因分析 似乎会导致态度的“认知化”， 关于态度客体的信念变得显著。 这减少 态度-行为一致性（a）增加 关于态度、对象（认知）和感觉的想法和信念 态度的组成部分（情感）和（B）导致态度报告 基于认知，而行为更基于情感。 的 拟议的研究将进一步测试认知假设， 探讨原因分析对 态度-行为一致性 第一组拟议研究将 进一步研究了几个假设调解的变量， 分析原因的影响，包括态度的起源 （无论它最初是基于情感还是基于认知），无论 人们对态度对象有知识或没有知识，并且 个人差异的倾向，基础上的态度，影响或 认知 第二组研究将调查边界 自我分析效果的条件，例如人们是否分析 时间长短的原因。 第三组研究将 调查人们倾向于思考的条件 日常生活中的原因。 拟议研究的长期目标是分离 有利或不有利的条件 自我反省 该研究对以下方面具有重要意义：（a） 心理学和社会学的社会科学研究， 从人们的言语行为中预测他们的行为， 报告，以及（B）临床心理学的实践和理论， 通常认为自我反省是一种有益的活动。

The proposed research will investigate the effects of self-reflection on attitudes and attitude-behavior consistency. Several previous studies have demonstrated that one type of reflection, analyzing the reasons for one's feelings, can reduce attitude-behavior consistency. Analyzing reasons appears to lead to a "cognitivation" of attitudes, where thoughts and beliefs about the attitude object become salient. This reduces attitude-behavior consistency by (a) increasing the discrepancy between thoughts and beliefs about the attitude object (cognitions) and the feeling components of the attitude (affect) and (b) causing attitude reports to be based on cognitions, while behavior is more affectively-based. The proposed research will test further the cognitivation hypothesis, and explore the boundary conditions of the effects of analyzing reasons on attitude-behavior consistency. The first set of proposed studies will further investigate several of the variables hypothesized to mediate the effects of analyzing reasons, including the origins of the attitude (whether it is originally affectively- or cognitively-based), whether people are knowledgeable or unknowledgeable about the attitude object, and individual differences in the tendency to base attitudes on affect or cognitions. The second set of studies will investigate the boundary conditions of the effects of self-analysis, such as whether people analyze reasons for short or long periods of time. The third set of studies will investigate the conditions under which people are apt to reflect about their reasons in everyday life. The long-term objectives of the proposed research are to isolate the conditions under which it is beneficial or not to engage in self-reflection. The research should have important implications for (a) social scientific research in psychology and sociology, where there is substantial interest in predicting people's behavior from their verbal reports, and to (b) practice and theory in clinical psychology, where it is often assumed that self-reflection is exclusively a beneficial activity.