SELF-REFLECTION: ITS EFFECTS, BENEFITS AND DRAWBACKS

自我反思：它的影响、好处和缺点

• 批准号: 3380702
• 负责人: TIMOTHY DeCamp WILSON
• 金额: $ 13.42万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1989
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1989-09-30 至 1993-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/3380702
• 关键词: attitude; awareness; behavior; behavior prediction; cognition; decision making; emotions; insight; mental process; motivation; psychoanalysis; thinking

The long-term objectives are to isolate and explain the conditions under which it is beneficial versus detrimental to engage in self-reflection. The proposed research will continue to investigate the consequences and value of self-reflection, particularly reflections about why we feel the way we do about an attitude object. Previously-funded research has demonstrated that this type of self-reflection can change attitudes, lower attitude-behavior consistency, and lower satisfaction with choices, and considerable progress has been made in understanding when and why these effects occur. The present studies will extend this research in three areas; (a) A continuation of studies investigating the mediating processes responsible for these effects and the boundary conditions that limit them. For example, the hypothesis that explaining an attitude will be most disruptive when people are not fully aware of why they feel the way they do will be tested; (b) studies investigating self-reflection in the realm of personal decision making, documenting when and why it is sometimes best to avoid analyzing the alternatives too much before making a decision; and (c) studies investigating self-reflection as a means of " unfreezing" attitudes; That is, making them more susceptible to lasting change, including such rigid attitudes as prejudiced feelings toward an outgroup. Nineteen studies are proposed using both experimental and survey designs, in both the laboratory and the field. The proposed research is of direct relevance to the literatures on attitudes, attitudes, attitude-behavior consistency, ruminative thought, decision making, persuasion, stereotyping, and the interface between affect and cognition. It also has important methodological implications to both survey and experimental designs that use "why" questions as dependent measures, by demonstrating that such measures can be reactive, changing subsequent responses. Finally, the research has some important applied implications to the areas of personal decision making and reducing prejudice, and, indirectly, to other areas where self-reflection is common, such as psychotherapy.

长期目标是分离和解释 进行自我反省是有益的还是有害的。 拟议的研究将继续调查后果， 自我反思的价值，特别是反思我们为什么觉得 就像对待一个有态度的物体一样。 以前资助的研究已经 证明了这种自我反省可以改变态度， 态度-行为一致性较低，对选择的满意度较低， 在了解何时以及为何发生 这些影响发生。 目前的研究将扩展这一研究， （a）继续研究调解问题， 负责这些影响的过程和边界条件， 限制他们。 例如，假设解释一种态度会 当人们没有完全意识到他们为什么会感到 （B）研究自我反思， 个人决策的领域，记录何时以及为什么 有时最好避免在做出决定之前过多地分析备选方案。 （c）研究自我反省作为一种“ 解冻”的态度;也就是说，使他们更容易持久 改变，包括对一个人的偏见等僵化的态度。 外群 十九项研究提出了使用实验和 调查设计，在实验室和现场。 拟议 研究与关于态度的文献直接相关， 态度，态度-行为一致性，反思性思维，决策 制作，说服，刻板印象，以及影响和 认知. 它还对两个方面都具有重要的方法论意义。 使用“为什么”问题作为依赖的调查和实验设计 通过证明这些措施可以是反应性的， 随后的回应。 最后，本研究具有一定的应用价值 对个人决策和减少 偏见，并间接地，对其他领域的自我反省是 常见的，如心理治疗。