CHILDHOOD ONSET SCHIZOPHRENIA

符合DSM-III-R精神分裂症标准的儿童和青少年 迄今为止，已有11名受试者参加了这项研究， 儿童期的现象学、神经生物学和药理学反应 精神分裂症发作 已建立诊断可靠性。 一 150名儿童和青少年临床诊断为 精神分裂症已经通过医疗记录和46名患者进行了筛查， 符合DSM-III-R精神分裂症诊断标准的患者 对12岁以前精神病发作史进行了访谈 亲自 DSM-III-R中至少有三个亚组被诊断为精神分裂症 儿童被假设基于临床上的差异 现象学 试点家庭/遗传数据表明，一个病例是家族性的，另一个病例是家族性的。 受试者有染色体畸变 自主神经测量与成人平行 在脑干中发现了精神分裂症的MRI异常，[18] 氟-2-脱氧-D-葡萄糖（FDG）PET扫描显示代谢降低 左侧海马体没有额叶功能减退 安全性和有效性 一项在8名受试者中进行的开放性试验建议在该年龄组使用氯氮平 以及7名受试者的双盲氟哌啶醇/氯氮平比较。 在地昔帕明和安慰剂的双盲比较中， 孤独症（n=24）障碍对氯丙咪嗪显示选择性反应 支持这种疾病中的肾上腺素能紊乱

Children and adolescents meeting DSM-III-R criteria for schizophrenia are available and eleven subjects have participated to date in this study of the phenomenology, neurobiology and pharmacologic response of childhood onset schizophrenia. Diagnostic reliability has been established. One hundred fifty children and adolescents with a clinical diagnosis of schizophrenia have been screened by medical records and 46 patients, appearing to meet DSM-III-R criteria for schizophrenia with medical record history of onset of psychosis prior to age twelve were interviewed personally. At least three subgroups of DSM-III-R diagnosed schizophrenic children have been hypothesized based on differences in clinical phenomenology. Pilot family/genetic data indicate one case is familial and a second subject had a chromosomal aberration. Autonomic measures parallel adult schizophrenia MRI abnormalities have been found in the brainstem and [18] fluro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG) PET scanning indicates decreased metabolism in the left hippocampus with no hypofrontality. Safety and efficacy of clozapine in this age group is suggested by an open trial in eight subjects and a double-blind haloperidol/clozapine comparison in seven subjects. In a double-blind comparison of desipramine and placebo, children with autistic (n=24) disorder show a selective response to clomipramine supporting a serotonergic disturbance in this disorder.