NON-INVASIVE STIMULATION OF HUMAN CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

无创刺激人体中枢神经系统

• 批准号: 3901571
• 负责人: M HALLETT
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS AND STROKE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 至
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/3901571
• 关键词: brain electronic stimulator; brain interhemispheric activity; brain mapping; central nervous system; cerebral cortex; electroencephalography; evoked potentials; human subject; magnetism; motor cortex; neural conduction; noninvasive diagnosis; sensory cortex; somesthetic sensory cortex

Recently techniques have become available for the non-invasive stimulation of the human cortex and deep proximal peripheral nerves. Stimulation can be with a high voltage, extremely brief electrical pulse or with magnetic stimulation. One purpose is to use these methods for noninvasive localization of different parts of the human cortex including motor cortex, sensory cortex and language cortex. Another purpose is to study cortical physiology in different disease states. We have established normative data for our own laboratory for measurement of central motor conduction velocities. We have also found that EEGs do not change after a session of cortical stimulation in normal volunteers and patients, which indicates the safety of the procedure. We have succeeded in mapping the hand, arm, leg and mouth areas of the human motor cortex in normal volunteers and correlating these motor maps with the sensory maps as defined by using somatosensory evoked potentials. At this time we are studying changes in these motor maps in patients with mirror movements, stroke, and with different types of amputations. We have found that patients with congenital mirror movements have a bilateral cortical representation of each hand in the motor cortex. Also, that they have physiologically active and fast conducting connections between the motor cortex and ipsilateral muscles in the upper extremity. We have also studied hemispheric dominance for laryngeal muscles finding that there seems to be bilateral projections from both hemispheres to motoneurons controlling muscles in both sides of the larynx and that stimulation of the left hemisphere activates a larger percentage of the motoneuron pool bilaterally. We have mapped sensory cortex by utilizing the phenomenon of blockage of a cutaneous stimulus. We have also used magnetic stimulation to probe the processes in motor cortex during a reaction time task in patients with Parkinson's disease.

最近的技术已成为可用于非侵入性刺激 大脑皮层和深层近端周围神经的组织。 刺激可以 用高压、极短的电脉冲或用磁 刺激. 一个目的是使用这些方法进行非侵入性的 包括运动皮层在内的人类皮层的不同部分的定位， 感觉皮层和语言皮层。 另一个目的是研究大脑皮层 不同疾病状态下的生理学。 我们为自己的实验室建立了标准化的测量数据 中枢运动传导速度的变化 我们还发现脑电图 在正常志愿者中进行一次皮层刺激后没有变化， 患者，这表明了手术的安全性。 我们已经成功 在绘制人类运动皮层的手，臂，腿和嘴区域时， 正常志愿者，并将这些运动地图与感觉地图相关联， 通过使用体感诱发电位来定义。 此时我们 研究镜像运动患者的运动地图变化， 中风和各种截肢 我们发现 先天性镜像运动患者的双侧皮质 在运动皮层中代表每只手。 而且他们 生理活性和快速传导连接之间的电机 皮质和同侧上肢肌肉。 我们还 研究了喉肌的半球优势， 似乎是从两个半球到运动神经元的双侧投射 控制喉部两侧的肌肉，刺激喉部的肌肉， 左半球激活运动神经元的比例更大 双边。 我们已经通过利用这种现象绘制了感觉皮层， 皮肤刺激的阻断。 我们还使用了磁刺激 在反应时间内探测运动皮层的过程 帕金森病患者的治疗方法