PHYSIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF VOLUNTARY MOVEMENT

康复医学部步态实验室的研究 都把重点放在了控制平衡上。身体的同时测量 角度、足底力量和多个肌电(EMG)是可能的。 当站立的受试者做出快速的手臂动作时，姿势肌肉活动 先于手臂肌肉的活动。生物力学分析表明， 这项活动的作用是防止中心的显著移位 在移动过程中的重力，并防止所有除了最小的 身体角度的变化。我们已在下列地点展开类似研究 帕金森氏症和小脑障碍患者。 用0-15标记水作为正电子脑血流量的标志物 发射断层扫描(PET)研究，我们已经寻找了马达的变化 大脑皮质有简单的手部动作。我们发现，在美国， 手腕随意屈伸对侧脑血流的研究 运动皮质和辅助运动皮质。 在帕金森氏病(PD)患者中，启动时间没有延迟 当患者被要求记住 有针对性的行动。小脑半球萎缩患者未能 改善在正常视力下进行的顺序动作的性能， 而Olivo-Ponto-小脑萎缩的患者表现出 在镜视引导下的顺序动作的表现。病人 帕金森病执行正常。 在诱发电位研究中，我们确定了适当的 体感诱发电位(SEP)标测的电极间距 大约2.3-3厘米。通过使用这种空间采样，我们可以 不同手指刺激所获得的SEP的区别图，以及 刺激前臂、手臂和肩部皮肤的皮肤刺激。它 也有可能将获得的感觉图与刺激 腿部的远端和近端。 在运动相关电位的研究中。我们已经实现了差异化 由于运动皮质的激活和感觉反馈而产生的成分。

Studies in the Gait Laboratory of the Department of Rehabilitation Medicine have focused on the control of balance. Simultaneous measurement of body angles, foot-floor forces and multiple electromyograms(EMGs) are possible. When standing subjects make rapid arm movements, postural muscle activity precedes activity in arm muscles. Biomechanical analysis shows that the role of this activity is to prevent significant displacement of the center of gravity during the movement and to prevent all but the most minor alterations in angles of the body. We have initiated similar studies in patients with Parkinson's disease and cerebellar disturbances. Using 0-15 labelled water as a marker for cerebral blood flow in positron emission tomography ( PET) studies, we have looked for changes in the motor cortex with simple hand movements. We have found an increase in the cerebral blood flow contralateral to voluntary wrist flexion/extention in the motor cortex and supplementary motor cortex. In patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), there was no delay in initiating movement when the patients were required to remember the location of a targeted movement. Patients with cerebellar hemispheric atrophy failed to improve the performance of sequential movements done with normal vision, whereas patients with olivo-ponto-cerebellar atrophy showed a deficit in performance of sequential movements guided with mirror-vision. Patients with PD performed normally. In evoked potential studies, we determined that the appropriate interelectrode distances for mapping somatosensory evoked potentials (SEP) is approximately 2.3-3 cm. By using this spatial sampling, we could differentiate maps of SEP obtained to stimulation of different fingers, and cutaneous stimulation of the skin overlying forearm, arm, and shoulder. It was also possible to differentiate sensory maps obtained to stimulation of distal and proximal areas of the leg. In studies of movement related potentials. we have differentiated components due to motor cortex activation and sensory feedback.