PHYSIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF VOLUNTARY MOVEMENT

随意运动的生理分析

• 批准号: 3901566
• 负责人: M HALLETT
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS AND STROKE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 至
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/3901566
• 关键词: Parkinson's disease; biomechanics; brain disorder diagnosis; cerebellar disorders; electromyography; evoked potentials; hand; hemiplegia; human subject; limb movement; motor cortex; positron emission tomography; posture; sensory feedback; stretch reflex; tremor

Studies in the Gait Laboratory of the Department of Rehabilitation Medicine have focused on the control of balance. Simultaneous measurement of body angles, foot-floor forces and multiple electromyograms(EMGs) are possible. When standing subjects make rapid arm movements, postural muscle activity precedes activity in arm muscles. Biomechanical analysis shows that the role of this activity is to prevent significant displacement of the center of gravity during the movement and to prevent all but the most minor alterations in angles of the body. We have initiated similar studies in patients with Parkinson's disease and cerebellar disturbances. Using 0-15 labelled water as a marker for cerebral blood flow in positron emission tomography ( PET) studies, we have looked for changes in the motor cortex with simple hand movements. We have found an increase in the cerebral blood flow contralateral to voluntary wrist flexion/extention in the motor cortex and supplementary motor cortex. In patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), there was no delay in initiating movement when the patients were required to remember the location of a targeted movement. Patients with cerebellar hemispheric atrophy failed to improve the performance of sequential movements done with normal vision, whereas patients with olivo-ponto-cerebellar atrophy showed a deficit in performance of sequential movements guided with mirror-vision. Patients with PD performed normally. In evoked potential studies, we determined that the appropriate interelectrode distances for mapping somatosensory evoked potentials (SEP) is approximately 2.3-3 cm. By using this spatial sampling, we could differentiate maps of SEP obtained to stimulation of different fingers, and cutaneous stimulation of the skin overlying forearm, arm, and shoulder. It was also possible to differentiate sensory maps obtained to stimulation of distal and proximal areas of the leg. In studies of movement related potentials. we have differentiated components due to motor cortex activation and sensory feedback.

康复医学系步态实验室研究 重点是平衡的控制。身体同步测量 角度、脚底力和多种肌电图 (EMG) 都是可能的。 当站立的受试者进行快速手臂运动时，姿势肌肉活动 先于手臂肌肉的活动。生物力学分析表明 这项活动的作用是防止中心发生重大位移 运动过程中的重力并防止除了最轻微的情况之外的所有情况 身体角度的改变。我们已经启动了类似的研究 患有帕金森病和小脑障碍的患者。 使用0-15标记水作为正电子脑血流标记 发射断层扫描（PET）研究，我们寻找运动的变化 大脑皮层，具有简单的手部动作。我们发现增加了 手腕随意屈曲/伸展时对侧的脑血流量 运动皮层和辅助运动皮层。 对于帕金森病 (PD) 患者，没有延迟开始治疗 当患者被要求记住物体的位置时的运动 有针对性的运动。小脑半球萎缩患者未能 提高正常视力下连续运动的表现， 而橄榄桥小脑萎缩患者则表现出 在镜像视觉引导下进行连续运动。患者 PD 执行正常。 在诱发电位研究中，我们确定适当的 用于绘制体感诱发电位 (SEP) 的电极间距离 大约是2.3-3厘米。通过使用这种空间采样，我们可以 区分获得的 SEP 图对不同手指的刺激，以及 前臂、手臂和肩部皮肤的皮肤刺激。它 还可以区分获得的刺激的感觉图 腿部的远端和近端区域。 在运动相关电位的研究中。我们有差异化 由于运动皮层激活和感觉反馈而产生的成分。