GENETICS OF PRIMATE BEHAVIOR

本项目研究遗传因素在灵长类动物中的作用 发声发展 目前的工作重点是遗传和 影响隔离呼叫表达的环境因素， 一种用于重新建立联系的特有的发声方式 婴儿与其看护者之间，以及成人与 伙伴 以前的报告记录了以下方面的重要性： 确定详细频率与时间的遗传因素 松鼠猴隔离呼叫的模式， 许多灵长类动物的隔离叫声 通过物种特异性细节区分，但总体上共享 缓慢调整的音调模式。 今年的新发现是： (1)侏儒绒猴在最初8周的隔离叫声 与成熟个体的区别在于 由于存在许多发音， 频率调制（“颤音”和“phee音符”），除了 重复字符串的种典型属性更定型 具有特征频率上扫的音符（“J音符”）;（2） 普通绒猴（Callithrix jacchus）的年轻成年猴， 在视觉或听觉上， 与熟悉的殖民地成员分开， 具有独特结构的哨声， 随着时间的推移，某些参数会发生显著和定期的变化， 分离增加;（3）哥斯达黎加的松鼠猴， 它们代表了有着悠久历史的 地理隔离的主要范围属在 南美洲，显示出同样强的相关性， 面部亚型和他们物种的声学特征- 典型的隔离呼叫，隔离窥视，就像南美洲一样 猴子

This project investigates the role of genetic factors in primate vocal development. Current work focuses on the genetic and environmental factors influencing expression of the isolation call, a characteristic vocalization used for reestablishing contact between an infant and its caregiver, and between adult social partners. Previous reports have documented the importance of inherited factors in determining the detailed frequency vs. time pattern of the squirrel monkey isolation call, and that the infant isolation calls of a wide range of primate species are distinguishable by species-specific details but share an overall pattern of slowly modulated tonality. New findings this year are: (1) the isolation calls of pygmy marmosets over their first 8 weeks of life are distinguishable from those of mature individuals by virtue of the presence of numerous sounds with pronounced frequency modulation ("trills" and "phee notes"), in addition to the species-typical properties of repeated strings of more stereotyped notes with a characteristic frequency upsweep ("J-notes"); (2) young adults of the common marmoset, Callithrix jacchus, are robust sources of isolation calls when visually or acoustically separated from familiar colony members, producing long, loud whistles with individually distinctive structure which show significant and regular changes in certain parameters as time of separation increases; and (3) the squirrel monkeys of Costa Rica, which represent remnant populations with a long history of geographical isolation from the principal range of the genus in South America, demonstrate the same strong correlation between facial subtype and the acoustic characteristics of their species- typical isolation call, the Isolation Peep, as do South American monkeys.