PHYSIOLOGICAL CORRELATES & NEURAL MECHANISMS OF THE INFANT CRY & VOCALIZATION

这些研究使用神经行为学和行为药理学方法， 研究参与生产和感知的机制 非人类灵长类动物的隔离叫声和相关发声。 它们为理解神经学和生理学 人类婴儿情感的声音表达和哭泣的影响 在听众身上。 本年度的主要研究结果如下：1.受体 放射自显影显示催产素在边缘系统的部分， 普通绒猴大脑的纹状体和嗅觉-纹状体区域。 在绒猴新生儿中，大脑皮层的部分被标记，如 嗯，这表明催产素受体在大脑中的分布 发展过程中的变化。 2.全身施用 α-肾上腺素受体拮抗剂哌唑嗪对成年普通绒猴的作用 导致了领地行为的增加， 亲和行为（梳理和隔离呼叫）。 平行研究 使用成年松鼠猴也发现哌唑嗪减少 隔离呼叫 这些发现表明α-肾上腺素受体 在调节与社会关系有关的行为方面发挥作用， 领土防御。 3.对早期关于妇女作用的工作的后续研究 松鼠防御行为的胆碱能机制 猴子证实，成年女性对温和的 比成年男性更令人震惊的刺激。 全剂量反应曲线 盐酸苯那替嗪是一种胆碱能受体拮抗剂， 雄性和雌性，并表明 两性相似，但女性的阈值剂量较低， 表现出与毒品有关的警觉行为增加。

These studies use neuroethological and ethopharmacological methods to investigate the mechanisms involved in the production and perception of the isolation call and related vocalizations in nonhuman primates. They provide a model for understanding the neurology and physiology of vocal expressions of affect in human infants and the impact of crying on listeners. Major findings this year were as follows: 1. Receptors for oxytocin were revealed with autoradiography in portions of limbic, striatal and olfacto-striatal regions of the brain of common marmosets. In marmoset neonates, portions of the cerebral cortex were labelled, as well, suggesting that oxytocin receptor distribution in the brain changes during development. 2. Systemic administration of an alpha-adrenoreceptor antagonist, prazosin, to adult common marmosets resulted in an increase in territorial behavior and a decrease in affiliative behavior (grooming and isolation calls). A parallel study using adult squirrel monkeys also found that prazosin decreased isolation calling. These findings suggests that the alpha-adrenoreceptor plays a role in regulating behaviors related to social affiliation and territorial defense. 3. A follow-up study of earlier work of the role of cholinergic mechanisms in mediating defensive behavior in squirrel monkeys confirmed that adult females respond more strongly to mildly alarming stimuli than adult males. A full dose response curve for benactyzine HCl, a cholinergic receptor antagonist, was established for males and for females, and indicated that the dose/response curves for both sexes are similar, but that females have a lower threshold dose for exhibiting drug-related increases in alarm behavior.