UK Biobank Imaging Enhancement Main phase

理解常见的危及生命和致残疾病的决定因素的挑战是巨大的。这种情况通常是由许多不同的暴露引起的，每个暴露都有适度的影响，并以复杂的方式相互作用。预期队列，如英国生物库，在全面和可靠地量化不同类型的风险因素对健康结果的综合影响方面具有优势。特别是，可以在受到疾病或其治疗影响之前对暴露进行评估，并可以对不容易通过回顾研究进行调查的疾病(例如痴呆症)进行评估。此外，可以考虑特定因素对不同疾病的终生风险的所有有利和不利影响。然而，前瞻性研究确实需要大量参与者参与，因为只有相对较小的比例会患上任何特定的疾病。英国生物库收集了500,000名年龄在40-69岁之间的男性和女性的广泛基线问卷数据、身体测量和生物样本，目前正在长期跟踪他们的健康状况。这项提议是为了用一套精心挑选的成像模式对10万名参与者进行增强表型鉴定，以提供可能与许多不同健康结果相关的大量额外信息。

The challenges of understanding the determinants of common life-threatening and disabling diseases are substantial. Such conditions are typically caused by many different exposures that each have moderate effects and interact with each other in complex ways. Prospective cohorts, such as UK Biobank, have advantages for the comprehensive and reliable quantification of the combined effects of different types of risk factor on health outcomes. In particular, exposures can be assessed before they are affected by disease or its management, and diseases can be assessed that are not readily investigated by retrospective studies (e.g. dementia). Moreover, all of the beneficial and adverse effects of a specific factor on the life-time risks of different diseases can be considered. Prospective studies do, however, need to involve large numbers of participants because only a relatively small proportion will develop any particular condition. UK Biobank has involved the collection of extensive baseline questionnaire data, physical measurements and biological samples from 500,000 men and women aged 40-69 at baseline, and their health is now being followed long-term. This proposal is for enhanced phenotyping of 100,000 of the participants with a set of imaging modalities that have been carefully chosen to provide considerable additional information that is likely to be relevant to many different health outcomes.