Mitochondrial biogenesis and disease

建立联合王国生物银行是为了可靠地评估各种不同类型的暴露（包括生活方式、环境和基因）与各种不同疾病（包括那些引起大量发病和残疾但以前没有进行广泛调查的疾病）的相关性。英国生物银行的招募始于2007年（2006年试点成功），到2010年中期，招募了50万名年龄在40至69岁之间的男性和女性。这种前瞻性队列通常涉及收集少量参与者的大量数据（有时称为“数据深度”）或收集大量参与者的少量数据（称为“数据广度”）。相比之下，在UK Biobank，广泛的问卷数据，物理测量和生物样本已经收集了非常多的参与者（即深度和广度都已经实现）。这一结果是通过建立高效的、专门设计的集中流程和来自英国生物银行广泛的学术合作网络的详细输入而实现的。现在的活动重点是跟踪参与者的健康状况，并为希望使用该资源的研究人员提供方便的访问途径（该资源从2012年3月底开始通过网站：www.ukbiobank.ac.uk开放申请）。为了进一步提高英国生物银行资源对研究人员的价值，建议在从所有500,000名参与者收集的基线样本中测量广泛的生化标记物。选择用于测定的生物标志物是因为它们是疾病的既定危险因素（例如，用于血管疾病的脂质，用于癌症的性激素），诊断措施（例如，用于糖尿病的糖化血红蛋白和用于关节炎的类风湿因子），暴露标志物（例如，用于烟草暴露的可替宁），或表征未得到很好评估的表型（例如，用于肾脏和肝脏功能的生物标志物）。英国生物银行的增强工作小组在与相关专家进行广泛磋商后，负责制定本提案，以确定可能与广泛疾病研究最具科学相关性的生物标志物。为所有参与者提供这种广泛的标记将是提高许多不同研究人员资源可用性的一种经济有效的方式。

UK Biobank has been set up to allow the reliable assessment of the relevance of a wide range of different types of exposure (including lifestyle, environment and genes) to a wide range of different diseases (including those that cause much morbidity and disability but have not previously been extensively investigated). Recruitment into UK Biobank started in 2007 (following a successful pilot in 2006), and enrolment of 500,000 men and women aged 40 to 69 was achieved by mid-2010. Such prospective cohorts typically involve collection of either a large amount of data on a small number of participants (sometimes referred to as “data depth”) or a small amount of data on a large number of participants (referred to as “data breadth”). By contrast, in UK Biobank, extensive questionnaire data, physical measures and biological samples have been collected for a very large number of participants (i.e. both depth and breadth have been achieved). This outcome was enabled by the establishment of highly efficient, purpose-designed centralised processes with detailed input from UK Biobank’s extensive academic collaborative network. Activity is now focused on following the health of the participants and providing easy access to researchers who wish to use this resource (which is open for applications from end March 2012 through the website: www.ukbiobank.ac.uk).In order to enhance further the value of the UK Biobank resource to researchers it is proposed that a wide range of biochemical markers are measured in samples collected at baseline from all 500,000 of the participants. The biomarkers selected for assay have been chosen because they are established risk factors for disease (e.g., lipids for vascular disease, sex hormones for cancer), diagnostic measures (e.g., HbA1c for diabetes and rheumatoid factor for arthritis), markers of exposure (e.g., cotinine for tobacco exposure), or characterize phenotypes not otherwise well assessed (e.g., biomarkers for renal and liver function). UK Biobank’s Enhancements Working Group has been responsible for developing the present proposal following extensive consultation with relevant expert to identify biomarkers that are likely to be of most scientific relevance for studying a wide range of diseases. The availability of this wide range of markers for all of the participants would be a cost-effective way of increasing usability of the resource for many different researchers.