Identifying Depression Early in Adolescence (IDEA) King's-Brazil-Nepal-Nigeria network

抑郁症是一种常见的精神障碍，在世界上每五个人中就有一个会在一生中受到影响，并往往从青春期开始。抑郁症是一种特别令人衰弱的精神疾病，因为它通常在生命早期就开始出现，并有一个慢性病程，一生中会发生许多抑郁发作。许多人无法获得抑郁症护理，在世界上最贫穷的国家尤其如此。我们提议的合作旨在将一个高收入国家在研究方面的专业知识带到发展中国家，在那里，每10个儿童和青少年中就有9个生活在这些国家，关于抑郁症和其他心理健康问题的大部分科学知识都是在这些国家产生的。英国伦敦国王学院与来自巴西、尼泊尔和尼日利亚的研究人员的这项合作旨在找到新的方法来确定哪些青少年有抑郁的风险，如何保护年轻人免受抑郁的影响，以及在这些反差的背景下，这些因素是相同的还是不同的。这些信息对于帮助我们理解如何在一系列环境中进行早期干预以防止终生痛苦至关重要。为了实现这一目标，我们建议做以下工作：首先，我们将汇集来自高收入国家(英国)、中等收入国家(巴西和尼日利亚)和低收入国家(尼泊尔)的具有不同专业知识的研究人员，就如何以类似的方式在这些不同国家的青少年中衡量抑郁症的风险和保护因素达成共识。然后，我们将利用现有的年轻人数据集，这些年轻人在童年和青春期的多个时间点参与了研究，进行初步测试，看看是否有相似或不同的因素预测每个国家的抑郁症的发展。然后，这个合作网络将申请资金，进行一个新的研究项目，以评估每个国家更多的青少年人数，并采用一致的措施，确定预测哪些青少年将患上抑郁症，哪些不会在这些环境中发生的生物、社会、心理和环境因素。最后，我们将查明每个国家在设备、专业知识和政策方面的潜在差距，以便我们知道在成功开展如此大规模的研究项目之前需要落实哪些措施。为了开始纠正这些差距，我们将提供在线培训并提供实践学徒机会，以提高巴西、尼泊尔和尼日利亚研究人员的技能，使他们能够有效地自己进行研究。最终，这项研究将产生关于如何识别和预防年轻人抑郁症的新知识，这将大大降低这些国家和全球与抑郁症相关的个人、社会和经济成本。

Depression is a common mental disorder that will affect up to one out of five people around the world during their lifetimes and tends to start in adolescence. Depression is an especially debilitating mental illness because it often begins early in life and has a chronic course with many depressive episodes occurring throughout one's lifetime. Many people lack access to depression care and this is especially true in the world's poorest countries. Our proposed collaboration aims to bring a high-income country's expertise in research, where most of the scientific knowledge about depression and other mental health problems has been produced, to developing countries, where 9 out of 10 children and adolescents live. This collaboration between King's College London in the UK and researchers from Brazil, Nepal and Nigeria intends to find new ways to identify which adolescents are at risk of depression, what protects young people from developing depression, and are these factors the same or different in these contrasting contexts. Such information is crucial to help us understand how to intervene early in a range of settings to prevent a lifetime of suffering. In order to achieve this, we propose to do the following: First, we will bring together researchers with different types of expertise from high (UK), middle (Brazil and Nigeria) and low (Nepal) income countries to reach a consensus about how to measure risk and protective factors for depression in comparable ways among adolescents in these different countries. We will then draw upon existing datasets of youth who have participated in research at multiple time points during their childhood and adolescence to run initial tests to see whether similar or different factors predict the development of depression in each country. This collaborative network will then apply for funding to conduct a new research project to assess much larger numbers of adolescents in each country with the consensus measures to identify the biological, social, psychological, and environmental factors that predict which adolescents will develop depression and which will not in each of these settings. Finally, we will scope out potential gaps in equipment, expertise, and policies in each country so that we know what needs to be put in place before such a large-scale research project can be successfully conducted. In order to begin the process of rectifying these gaps, we will deliver online training and offer hands-on apprenticeships to increase the skills of researchers in Brazil, Nepal and Nigeria to enable them to effectively conduct the research themselves.Ultimately, this research will generate new knowledge on how to identify and prevent depression among youth, which would substantially decrease the personal, social and economic costs associated with the disorder in these countries and around the globe.