Smoking prevention in young people: A cluster randomised controlled trial of implementation intentions

这项研究将测试一种干预措施，以减少最初年龄在11-12岁的青少年在4年期间开始吸烟。干预将采用一种简单但有效的策略来拒绝香烟供应(如果-那么计划如何对香烟供应说不，并阅读反吸烟信息)，并对照控制条件进行测试(形成完成家庭作业和阅读支持家庭作业的信息的如果-那么计划)。将随机选择18所学校(每所学校约3个班级)实施干预措施，并随机选择另外18所学校(每所学校约3个班级)实施控制条件。这项干预将由训练有素的教师实施，并在学校课堂时间内进行九次(即。每一次干预间隔六个月)。主要的结果测量将是在基线(参与者11-12岁时)和基线后12、24、36和48个月(即参与者15-16岁时的最终随访)通过客观测量(呼吸一氧化碳测量)评估吸烟行为。第二个结果衡量标准将是在同一时间点测量的自我报告吸烟情况。在控制了基线上的任何差异后，分析将测试每次随访时吸烟率的差异。

This research will test an intervention to reduce smoking initiation in adolescents initially aged 11-12 years over a 4 year time period. The intervention will employ a simple but effective strategy to refuse offers of cigarettes (if-then plans about how to say no to offers of cigarettes plus reading anti-smoking messages) and test it against a control condition (forming if-then plans about completing homework plus reading pro-homework messages). A total of 18 schools (with approximately 3 classes in each) will be randomly selected to implement the intervention and 18 other schools (again with approximately 3 classes in each) will be randomly selected to implement the control condition. The intervention will be implemented by trained teachers and be conducted in schools in classroom time on nine occasions (ie. six months between each intervention). The main outcome measure will be smoking behavior assessed by objective measures (breath carbon monoxide measures) at baseline (when participants were 11-12 years of age) and at 12, 24, 36 and 48 months post baseline (ie., final follow-up when participants were 15-16 years of age). A secondary outcome measure will be self-reported smoking measured at the same time points. Analysis will test for differences in smoking rates at each of the follow-ups after controlling for any differences at baseline.