How do human and bacterial behaviour interact in urban and rural African environments to facilitate the stable acquisition of antimicrobial resistance

人类和细菌行为如何在非洲城市和农村环境中相互作用以促进抗菌素耐药性的稳定获得

• 批准号: MR/R015074/1
• 负责人: Nicholas Feasey
• 金额: $ 10.27万
• 依托单位: Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2017 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=MR%2FR015074%2F1
• 关键词: How; do; human; bacterial; behaviour

The development of antibacterials has saved millions of lives; however, the massive global usage of these agents has created huge pressure for bacteria to become resistant to these drugs and to cause infections that are difficult or impossible to treat. This, combined with the flow of drugs slowing profoundly, has made antibiotic resistance a threat to health of global importance. New approaches are necessary to reduce illness caused by resistant bacteria. In Low and Middle Income countries (LMIC), there is a huge burden of severe illness caused by bacteria, a critical lack of clinics and hospitals to diagnose and appropriately treat bacterial infections and widespread availability of antibiotics without prescription. This situation is responsible for a huge amount of illness and is increasing the pressure on bacteria to become drug resistant. LMIC settings will be the last to benefit from new types of antibiotics and it is therefore of urgent importance to undertake research addressing antibiotic resistance in LMICs that aims to identify which are the most important causes or drivers of the development of drug resistance. This requires scientists from a variety of fields and with a variety skills, from the laboratory to policy implementation to work together. We will therefore describe both where bacteria live when not causing infections, whether in humans, animals or the environment, and how antimicrobials are used and misused in humans animals and the environment to: 1. Determine ways of using antibiotics make resistance come at a cost rather than as a benefit to bacteria2. Develop ways of using antibiotics across all sectors that both improves access for people that really need them, but protects medicines of last resort in a manner acceptable to governments, communities and doctors to minimise the local emergence of resistance;3. Identify ways in which different parts of government, the health and research sectors can more effectively work together to reduce antibiotic resistance at national and district level, both within and between human and animal health and the environment.

抗菌药物的发展挽救了数百万人的生命;然而，这些药物在全球的大规模使用给细菌造成了巨大的压力，使其对这些药物产生耐药性，并导致难以或无法治疗的感染。这一点，加上药物流通的大幅放缓，使抗生素耐药性成为对全球健康的重要威胁。新的方法是必要的，以减少由耐药细菌引起的疾病。在低收入和中等收入国家（LMIC），由细菌引起的严重疾病负担沉重，严重缺乏诊断和适当治疗细菌感染的诊所和医院，以及无处方抗生素的广泛可用性。这种情况导致了大量的疾病，并增加了细菌产生耐药性的压力。LMIC环境将是最后受益于新型抗生素的环境，因此迫切需要开展研究，解决LMIC中的抗生素耐药性问题，以确定哪些是耐药性发展的最重要原因或驱动因素。这就需要来自各个领域、具备各种技能的科学家，从实验室到政策执行，共同努力。因此，我们将描述细菌在不引起感染的情况下生活的地方，无论是在人类，动物还是环境中，以及抗菌剂如何在人类，动物和环境中使用和滥用：1。确定使用抗生素的方法，使耐药性对细菌来说是有代价的，而不是有益的2。制定在所有部门使用抗生素的方法，既改善真正需要它们的人的可及性，又以政府、社区和医生可接受的方式保护最后手段的药物，以尽量减少当地出现的耐药性;3.确定政府不同部门、卫生和研究部门可以更有效地共同努力，在国家和地区一级减少人类和动物健康与环境内部和之间的抗生素耐药性的方法。

项目成果

A novel hemA mutation is responsible for small colony variant phenotype in Escherichia coli

一种新的hemA突变导致了大肠杆菌中的小菌落变异表型

• DOI: 10.1101/2020.05.01.073478
• 发表时间: 2020
• 作者: Hubbard A