PREVENTING ALCOHOL TRAUMA--A COMMUNITY TRIAL

该预防试验的目的是实施和评估 为期五年的综合社区干预措施，以减少酗酒 创伤，即涉及酒精的交通事故，包括受伤和 死亡、与酒精有关的非交通死亡和意外死亡 伤害包括烧伤、溺水和跌倒。 为了实现这两个目标，研究包括实施和 使用五种相互作用的方法评估基于社区的干预措施 支持组件： 社区知识、价值观和动员组成部分 与实验社区现有的社区联盟合作 实施具体干预措施并建立综合公众 支持总体目标和目标的意识和教育计划 个别组成部分，包括对酒精相关创伤的担忧、 血液酒精浓度与损伤的关系 死亡或受伤的风险增加，以及估算 BAC 的技能。 负责任的饮料服务组件，包括服务器培训 以及内部酒类销售点的所有者/经理识别醉酒者 和/或酒吧和餐馆的未成年顾客，并开发和 实施饮料服务政策，减少 顾客醉酒或醉酒驾驶。 未成年人饮酒部分包括学校的发展 （包括规范性课程补充）和社区计划 关心销售和获取问题的父母和青少年 未成年人饮酒，以及对场外酒类零售商进行培训 减少对未成年人的销售。 酒后驾驶风险会增加实际和驾驶风险 酒后驾车者被逮捕的感知风险率 酒精。 该组件包括通过以下方式提高 DWI 效率： 对执法人员进行识别酒驾司机新技术的培训 以及使用被动酒精传感器来增加可能性 检测。 获取酒精成分包括使用当地分区权力和 其他市政当局控制出口密度，以减少可用的 酒精。 研究设计是准实验性的，有三对实验 和比较社区：加利福尼亚州萨利纳斯和莫德斯托；佛罗伦萨和萨姆特 南卡罗来纳州各县；以及华盛顿州霍特科姆县和考利茨县。 第一年是一个 基线数据收集和规划阶段涉及以下方面的组合： 社区和急诊室调查以及档案的使用 记录。 第二年到第四年是干预阶段，利用 迭代过程评估和基于媒体的社区反馈。 最终项目年分为三个部分： (a) 成果评估，包括 社区级碰撞和事故数据分析，(b) 过程 评估整个项目和组成部分的实施情况，以及 (c) 将社区方案组成部分制度化，以确保 研究完成后的连续性。

The objective of this prevention trial is to implement and evaluate a comprehensive five-year community intervention to reduce alcohol-involved trauma, i.e., alcohol-involved traffic crashes including injuries and fatalities, and alcohol-involved non-traffic fatalities and unintentional injuries including burns, drownings, and falls. To achieve these two goals, the research consists of the implementation and evaluation of a community-based intervention using five interacting and supportive components: A COMMUNITY KNOWLEDGE, VALUES, AND MOBILIZATION component which consists of working with existing community coalitions in the experimental communities to implement specific interventions and developing an integrated public awareness and education program which support overall goals and those of individual components, including concern about alcohol-involved trauma, the relationship of Blood Alcohol Concentration and impairment as related to increased risk of death or injury, and skills in estimating BAC. A RESPONSIBLE BEVERAGE SERVICE component that includes training of servers and owner/managers of on-premise alcohol outlets to identify intoxicated and/or underage customers in bars and restaurants and to develop and implement beverage service policies that reduce the probability of customers becoming intoxicated or of driving when intoxicated. An UNDERAGE DRINKING component that includes the development of school (including a normative curriculum complement) and community programs for parents and adolescents concerned with issues of sales and access to alcohol by minors, and the training of off-premise alcohol retailers to reduce sales to minors. A RISK OF DRINKING AND DRIVING component that increases the actual and perceived risk of apprehension rate of drivers who are under the influence of alcohol. This component consists of increasing DWI efficiency through training enforcement officers in new techniques for identifying DWI drivers and the use of passive alcohol sensors to increase the probability of detection. An ACCESS TO ALCOHOL component includes the use of local zoning powers and other municipal control of outlet density to reduce the availability of alcohol. The research design is quasi-experimental with three pairs of experimental and comparison communities: Salinas and Modesto, CA; Florence and Sumter Counties, SC; and Whatcom and Cowlitz Counties, WA. The first year is a baseline data collection and planning phase involving a combination of community and emergency room surveys as well as the use of archival records. Years Two through Four are intervention phases which make use of an iterative process evaluation and media-based feedback to the community. The final project year has three parts: (a) outcome evaluation including the analysis of community-level crash and accident data, (b) process evaluation of the total project and component implementation, and (c) the institutionalization of the community program components in order to ensure continuity after the research is completed.