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High-resolution imaging with full-waveform inversion in medicine, wind energy and carbon capture and storage

医学、风能和碳捕获与存储领域的高分辨率成像和全波形反演

基本信息

批准号：
MR/V024086/1
负责人：
Oscar Calderon Agudo
金额：
$ 150.14万
依托单位：
Imperial College London
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Fellowship
财政年份：
2021
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2021 至无数据
项目状态：
未结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=MR%2FV024086%2F1
关键词：
resolution imaging full waveform inversion

项目摘要

Imaging methods are used to obtain visual representations of objects that are otherwise invisible to the naked eye. The physical principles in which imaging methods are based are common across disciplines and, hence, can be adapted. Here I propose to lead an inter-disciplinary project that will focus on obtaining images of medical and geophysical targets that are traditionally difficult to image with ultrasound or seismic waves, such as the brain.Rapid brain imaging is central to the diagnosis and treatment of stroke and other acute neurological conditions, but existing methods for imaging the brain (mainly X-rays and magnetic resonance imaging) require large, immobile, high-power instruments that are near-impossible to deploy outside specialised environments. I will create a device that can be applied to any patient, at any time and in any place by exploiting advances that have already revolutionised imaging in geophysics and using ultrasound waves transmitted across the head. In particular, I will adapt an imaging algorithm known as full-waveform inversion to transform the recorded ultrasound data into the first highly detailed image of an adult brain with ultrasound, and with a much higher resolution than those obtained with conventional ultrasound. To achieve this goal, I will design a safe and suitable device for its application to healthy volunteers, and I will use the recorded data and full-waveform inversion conveniently adapted. This will require solving several technical aspects, such as accounting for involuntary movement due to breathing, obtaining the characteristics of the skull from the data and accelerating the computations on graphics processing units. The success of this project would represent a major breakthrough in brain imaging and would be particularly relevant to improve the survival rate and wellbeing of patients with acute stroke, which is the second-largest cause of death and acquired adult disability. Then, I will study the capability of ultrasound full-waveform inversion for breast cancer detection, in particular for patients with dense breasts in which traditional mammography fails, and for bone imaging - in particular for detecting osteoporosis and fractures. To achieve these goals, I will develop and validate in the laboratory new full-waveform inversion algorithms to recover multiple characteristics of biological tissues and I will use low-frequency ultrasound that easily penetrates bone.Next, I will investigate the potential of full-waveform inversion of ultrahigh-frequency seismic data, a particular type of seismic waves that travel small distances but can interact with small objects, in order to characterise the first 100 meters of the subsurface in offshore wind farms. This new approach will be particularly useful to characterise vast areas of the subsurface and locate adequate regions for the installation of wind turbines to reduce maintenance costs.Finally, I will evaluate different strategies to obtain subsurface images over time with full-waveform inversion of seismic data at carbon dioxide storage sites, which play a crucial role in reducing the carbon footprint. This will help engineers better understand how carbon dioxide reservoirs evolve and how to make them safer and more efficient.

成像方法被用来获得肉眼不可见的物体的视觉表示。成像方法所依据的物理原理在不同学科之间是通用的，因此可以进行调整。在这里，我提议领导一个跨学科的项目，专注于获得传统上难以用超声波或地震波成像的医疗和地球物理目标的图像，例如大脑。快速脑成像是中风和其他急性神经系统疾病诊断和治疗的核心，但现有的脑成像方法(主要是X射线和磁共振成像)需要大型、固定的、高功率仪器，而这些仪器几乎不可能在专业环境外部署。我将利用已经给地球物理学成像带来革命性变化的进步，并使用头部传播的超声波，创造出一种可以在任何时间、任何地点应用于任何患者的设备。特别是，我将采用一种名为全波形反转的成像算法，将记录的超声数据转换为第一张带有超声波的成人大脑的高细节图像，并且分辨率比使用传统超声波获得的图像高得多。为了实现这一目标，我将设计一种安全、合适的装置将其应用于健康志愿者，并使用记录的数据和方便地适配的全波形反演。这将需要解决几个技术方面的问题，例如考虑到呼吸引起的非自愿运动，从数据中获取头骨的特征，以及加速图形处理单元上的计算。该项目的成功将代表着脑成像方面的重大突破，对于提高急性中风患者的存活率和幸福感尤其相关。急性中风是导致死亡和后天成人残疾的第二大原因。然后，我将研究超声全波形反转检测乳腺癌的能力，特别是对于传统乳房X光检查失败的致密乳房患者的检测能力，以及骨成像-特别是检测骨质疏松和骨折的能力。为了实现这些目标，我将在实验室开发和验证新的全波形反演算法来恢复生物组织的多种特征，我将使用易于穿透骨骼的低频超声波。接下来，我将研究超高频地震数据的全波形反演的可能性。超高频地震数据是一种特殊类型的地震波，传播距离短，但可以与小物体相互作用，以表征海上风电场地下的前100米。这种新方法将特别有助于描述地下大片区域的特征，并为安装风力涡轮机找到足够的区域，以降低维护成本。最后，我将通过对二氧化碳储存点的地震数据进行全波形反演，评估随着时间的推移获得地下图像的不同策略，这在减少碳足迹方面发挥着至关重要的作用。这将帮助工程师更好地了解二氧化碳储存库是如何演变的，以及如何使其更安全、更高效。