PARENTING AND INFANT ACTIVITY--A MULTICULTURE PERSPECTIVE

养育子女和婴儿活动——多元文化视角

• 批准号: 6162476
• 负责人: M H BORNSTEIN
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: EUNICE KENNEDY SHRIVER NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF CHILD HEALTH & HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 至
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6162476
• 关键词: Africa; Europe; France; Israel; Italy; Japan; South America; United States; behavioral /social science research tag; child (0-11); child psychology; child rearing; cognition; culture; developmental psychology; human subject; infant human (0-1 year); language development; mother child interaction; racial /ethnic difference; social behavior; socializations; socioeconomics; socioenvironment

Experiences in infancy are acknowledged to affect the course and outcome of social and mental development in childhood, and they are credited for some of the distinctiveness of culture. More specifically, cross cultural developmental studies have historically shown that variations in child rearing styles typically have implications for children's later cognitive performance and interpersonal behavior. Home environments are thought to reflect larger cultural values, beliefs, and customs, and many social theorists have contended that the family generally, and the mother-infant relationship specifically, may be vital to development of the individual and basic to the orginization of the culture. As a result, investigators have frequently studied infancy and mother-infant interaction in attempts to address questions about the origins and development of cultural identity. Of course, each society has evolved patterns of childrearing adjusted to its own special demands. For example, it is widely held that Japanese and Americans differ in prominent aspects of their psychological make-ups and that certain social and intellectual distinctions between members of these two cultures arise early in life. Previous study on the nature of infant development in Israeli kibbutzim determined that many decisive aspects of infant care -- particularly the close ties between infant and mother -- vary markedly from the typical American experience. Contemporary France, Italy, and America are relatively similar in terms of industrial level, educational attainment, and living standards, yet these socieities differ considerably in terms of history, sociology, and culture. Within-culture comparisons are equally important: Studies of development in Belgium offer answers to the question of how being reared in monolingual versus bilingual environments affects cognition, communication, and socioemotional development. Argentina contrasts middle-class with extremely poor rearing conditions, all in a South American setting virtually unresearched. What differences exist in parenting and in infant activity within and across these cultures? A central purpose of this projct is to identify similarities and differences in the childcaring ecologies of Argentine, Belgian, French, Israeli, Italian, Japanese, Kenyan, and U.S. American children.

婴儿期的经历被认为会影响病程和结果 社会和心理发展的影响，他们被认为是 一些文化的独特性。 更确切地说，交叉 历史上的文化发展研究表明， 孩子的养育方式通常会影响孩子的未来。 认知表现和人际行为。 家庭环境是 被认为反映了更大的文化价值观，信仰和习俗，以及许多 社会理论家认为，家庭一般来说， 特别是母婴关系，可能是至关重要的发展， 是个体，是文化起源的基础。 作为 因此，研究人员经常研究婴儿期和母婴 互动，试图解决有关起源的问题， 文化认同的发展。 当然，每个社会都在进化 根据自己的特殊需求调整育儿模式。 为 例如，人们普遍认为日本人和美国人在 他们的心理构成的突出方面，以及某些社会 这两种文化的成员之间的智力差异 在生命的早期。 关于婴儿发育性质的先前研究 以色列基布兹决定了婴儿护理的许多决定性方面-- 特别是婴儿和母亲之间的密切联系， 典型的美国经验。 当代法国、意大利和 美国在工业水平、教育水平、 成就和生活水平，但这些社会不同 在历史、社会和文化方面都有很大的影响。 培养物内 比较同样重要：比利时的发展研究 提供了一个问题的答案， 双语环境影响认知、交流和 社会情感发展 阿根廷中产阶级与 饲养条件极其恶劣， 几乎没有研究。 在养育子女和 在这些文化中的婴儿活动？ 的核心目的 这个项目是为了确定相似性和差异， 阿根廷，比利时，法国，以色列，意大利， 日本人，肯尼亚人，和美国人的孩子。