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Delivering multiple ecosystem service benefits in real landscapes

在真实景观中提供多种生态系统服务效益

基本信息

批准号：
NE/K001620/1
负责人：
Piran White
金额：
$ 38.3万
依托单位：
University of York
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2012
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2012 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FK001620%2F1
关键词：
Delivering multiple ecosystem service benefits

项目摘要

Ecosystems and their biodiversity deliver products such as food, fibre and fuel, as well as a range of essential services such as climate regulation, water and soil regulation and cultural and recreational services, which are all important for human well-being nationally, internationally and globally. Globally, and for many individual sub-regions, the majority of the world's ecosystems have become severely degraded, and their continued ability to provide goods and services is under threat. The fundamental role that biodiversity plays in regulating the ecological processes (e.g. primary production, nutrient recycling) that underpin ecosystem services is acknowledged, but understanding of the relationships between biodiversity, ecosystem functioning and ecosystem services is poor. We need to improve our understanding of these links if we are sustain or enhance the benefits we are able to obtain from ecosystems in the face of future environmental, demographic and land use change. The three goals of the BESS programme are: (1) to rigorously define how biodiversity within landscapes underpins the delivery of different ecosystem services at a range of scales and across gradients; (2) to establish whether there are critical levels of biodiversity required to deliver different kinds of services under different driver-pressure scenarios, as well as which enhance the resilience of ecosystems to those different drivers; and (3) to develop novel tools and indicators appropriate for tracking and measuring biodiversity and ecosystem services under those different scenarios (BESS Science Plan, 2011). BESS consortia will address these questions within four different landscape types: (1) lowland agricultural multifunctional; (2) coastal wetlands; (3) uplands; and (4) urban. The Directorate's research activities (detailed in this proposal) will complement this by establishing frameworks and mechanisms through which these advances in knowledge and understanding can be translated into policy and practice. This will enhance the impact of the BESS programme at both decision-making and management-relevant scales in relation to maximising the services and benefits that we obtain from our natural capital resource.In order for BESS to make a significant impact on policy and practice, it is essential that the relevance of the science to policy is made explicit, and in particular that the effects of different policy options at different scales on ecosystem service provision are clear. The focus of the individual projects within BESS will be on specific types of landscapes, but the delivery of ecosystem-level objectives frequently requires the simultaneous management of different landscape types within a much larger landscape. The research conducted by the Directorate will therefore specifically focus on such 'whole landscape' approaches, and how progress in scientific understanding of process and monitoring ecosystem services in specific landscapes can be integrated into 'whole landscape' initiatives in practice. The overall aim of the research is to develop and apply a framework for translating the landscape-specific BESS research to a whole landscape system. The research will have three specific objectives: 1. To investigate the range of options for management interventions to enhance the delivery of single and multiple ecosystems services from different landscapes, and to develop appropriate tools for monitoring their effectiveness, cost-effectiveness and efficiency.2. To build on an existing modelling framework to model and evaluate the effectiveness and efficiency of different biodiversity-ecosystem service related interventions in real landscapes.3. To work in collaboration with exemplar landscape initiatives to demonstrate how the work under objectives 1 and 2 can be used to inform the development, implementation and evaluation of landscape-scale ecosystem-based approaches to management.

生态系统及其生物多样性提供粮食、纤维和燃料等产品，以及一系列基本服务，如气候调节、水和土壤调节以及文化和娱乐服务，这些对国家、国际和全球的人类福祉都很重要。就全球而言，就许多次区域而言，世界上大多数生态系统已严重退化，其持续提供货物和服务的能力受到威胁。生物多样性在调节支撑生态系统服务的生态过程（如初级生产、养分再循环）方面发挥的根本作用得到承认，但对生物多样性、生态系统功能和生态系统服务之间的关系了解甚少。如果我们要在未来环境、人口和土地使用发生变化的情况下维持或加强我们能够从生态系统中获得的惠益，我们就必须提高对这些联系的认识。生物多样性和生态系统服务方案的三个目标是：（1）严格界定地貌景观中的生物多样性如何支持在一系列尺度和不同梯度上提供不同的生态系统服务;（2）确定在不同的驱动力-压力情景下提供不同类型的服务是否需要生物多样性的临界水平，以及是否需要生物多样性的临界水平来增强生态系统对这些不同驱动力的适应能力;以及（3）开发新的工具和指标，用于在这些不同情景下跟踪和衡量生物多样性和生态系统服务（BESS科学计划，2011年）。BESS联合体将在四种不同的景观类型中解决这些问题：（1）低地农业多功能;（2）沿海湿地;（3）高地;（4）城市。该局的研究活动（详见本提案）将通过建立框架和机制来补充这一点，通过这些框架和机制，可以将这些知识和理解方面的进展转化为政策和实践。这将增强BESS计划在决策和管理相关层面的影响，以最大限度地提高我们从自然资本资源中获得的服务和利益。为了使BESS对政策和实践产生重大影响，必须明确科学与政策的相关性，特别是不同规模的不同政策选择对生态系统服务提供的影响是明确的。生态系统和生态系统服务系统内各个项目的重点将放在特定类型的景观上，但实现生态系统一级的目标往往需要在一个大得多的景观内同时管理不同的景观类型。因此，该局开展的研究将特别侧重于这种“整体景观”方法，以及如何将对特定景观中的过程和监测生态系统服务的科学理解方面的进展纳入实践中的“整体景观”举措。研究的总体目标是开发和应用一个框架，将特定的生态系统的BESS研究转化为一个整体的景观系统。本研究将有三个具体目标：1。调查管理干预措施的各种备选方案，以加强不同地貌提供单一和多种生态系统服务，并开发适当的工具来监测其有效性、成本效益和效率。在现有建模框架的基础上，对真实的生态系统中与生物多样性-生态系统服务相关的不同干预措施的有效性和效率进行建模和评估。与示范性景观举措合作，展示如何利用目标1和目标2下的工作为制定、实施和评价生态系统规模的管理办法提供信息。