Daily Stress and Well-Being during Adulthood

描述(调查者摘要)：应用程序寻求对 研究成年后的日常压力和幸福感。具体目标是 A)描述日常应激源的多个方面(例如，频率、 内容、严重性)预测成年后的日常幸福感；b)检查如何 社会人口因素(如年龄、性别、社会经济地位)和 人格特征影响日常应激源的暴露，适度 身体、情绪和社交对日常压力的反应；以及c)探索 遗传学在日常应激源暴露和反应中的作用 成人期。这些目标将通过对国家 日常经验研究(NSDE)，一项关于美国国民的电话日记研究 抽样调查了1483名成年人，年龄从25岁到74岁不等。虽然很小 大量的日常日记研究促进了人们对 成人的发展和个性在日常的应激过程中，有 目前可以解决的这些研究中的重要局限性 学习。首先，以前的日常日记研究依赖于小规模的、经常的 具有受限年龄范围的不具代表性的样本，限制了 结论的概括性。本研究通过以下方式克服了这一局限性 分析来自相当大的(N-1483)和具有全国代表性的数据 年龄在25岁到74岁之间的成年人样本。这些受访者是 成人发展总体人口调查的代表性分样本。 第二，先前关于群体和个人在暴露和 对日常压力源的反应通常只检查了一个来源 可变性。本研究将通过利用这些数据纠正这一问题 在对广泛的社会人口学和 用于检查暴露和反应的决定因素的人格变量 日常压力源。第三，以前的研究未能调查到 对日常应激源的暴露和反应方面的遗传学。NSDE使用一种 242对同卵和同性异卵双胞胎的子样本以探索如何 基因和环境相互作用，以解释个体差异 适应日常紧张的经历。

DESCRIPTION (investigator's abstract): The application seeks support for a study of daily stress and well-being during adulthood. The specific aims are to: a) describe how multiple aspects of daily stressors (e.g., frequency, content, severity) predict daily well-being during adulthood; b) examine how sociodemographic factors (e.g., age, gender, socioeconomic status) and personality characteristics influence exposure to daily stressors and moderate physical, emotional, and social reactivity to daily stressors; and c) explore the role of genetics in exposure and reactivity to daily stressors throughout adulthood. These aims would be achieved by conducting analyses of the National Study of Daily Experiences (NSDE), a telephone diary study of a U.S. national sample of 1483 adults ranging in age from 25 to 74 years. Although a small number of daily diary studies have advanced the understanding of the role of adult development and personality in daily stress processes, there are important limitations in these studies that could be addressed in the present study. First, previous daily diary studies have relied on small and often unrepresentative samples with a restricted age range that limit the generalizability of findings. The present study overcomes this limitation by analyzing data from a fairly large (N - 1483) and nationally representative sample of adults in the age range 25 to 74 years. These respondents are a representative sub-sample of a general population survey of adult development. Second, previous studies of group and individual differences in exposure and reactivity to daily stressors have typically examined only one source of variability. The present study would correct this problem by utilizing the data collected in the larger survey on a wide array of sociodemographic and personality variables to examine the determinants of exposure and reactivity to daily stressors. Third, previous studies have failed to investigate the role of genetics in both exposure and reactivity to daily stressors. The NSDE uses a sub-sample of 242 identical and same-sex fraternal twin pairs to explore how genes and environment interact to account for individual differences in adaptation to day-to-day stressful experiences.