Daily Stress and Well-Being during Adulthood

描述（由申请人提供）：本提案寻求对第一项关于日常压力源和幸福感的全国性纵向研究的分析支持。生物标志物和压力自我报告相结合，研究个体和群体在成年期幸福感变化方面的差异。具体目标是：1)描述10年来日常压力源（如频率、内容、严重程度、评估的威胁）与日常幸福感之间多个方面的联系变化；2)研究个人特征，包括社会人口因素和个性，如何预测日常压力源暴露的变化以及对这些压力源的身体和情绪反应；3)研究同时和累积暴露于日常压力源如何破坏唾液皮质醇的昼夜节律并导致下游健康结果。这些目标将通过分析国家日常体验研究（NSDE）的第二波来解决，这一波大约是在第一波之后的10年。NSDE I是一项为期8天的电话日记研究，研究对象为1483名年龄在25-74岁之间的成年人，来自1996年进行的10,389次每日访谈。NSDE II重复8天的方案，在相同的受访者以及非裔美国人的补充样本上增加了每日皮质醇的多次评估（4次X 4天）。预计有2000名受访者，NSDE II将是最大的日间唾液皮质醇实地研究。NSDE受访者是美国两波中年调查（MIDUS）的代表性子样本。MIDUS I和II调查评估了一套丰富的前瞻性和并发的社会人口、身体健康和人格测量，将用于预测非急性身体伤害I和II患者暴露和身体和情绪对日常压力源的反应的变化。来自MIDUS II生物项目的数据将与NSDE I和II的日常数据联系起来，以检查对日常压力源的暴露模式和反应性如何与免疫标志物、内分泌功能和心血管健康的测量相关联。多种日常压力源、个人特征和生物测量相结合，提供了一个独特的机会来展示个人特征和他们日常生活中的经历如何创造通往健康和幸福的途径。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This proposal seeks support for the analysis of the first national longitudinal study of daily stressors and well-being. Biomarkers and self-reports of stress are combined to study individual and group differences in change in well-being during adulthood. Specific aims are: 1) To describe change over 10 years in links between multiple aspects of daily stressors (e.g., frequency, content, severity, appraised threat) and daily well-being; 2) To examine how personal characteristics, including sociodemographic factors and personality, predict change in exposure to daily stressors and in physical and emotional reactivity to these stressors; and 3) To investigate how concurrent and cumulative exposure to daily stressors disrupt diurnal rhythms of salivary cortisol and lead to downstream health outcomes. These aims will be addressed by analyzing the second wave of the National Study of Daily Experiences (NSDE) approximately 10 years after wave one. NSDE I was an 8-day telephone diary study of 1483 adults ranging in age from 25-74 years of a U.S. national sample comprised of 10,389 daily interviews conducted in 1996. NSDE II repeats the 8-day protocol with the addition of multiple assessments of daily cortisol (4 occasions X 4 days) on the same respondents as well as a supplemental sample of African Americans. With 2,000 anticipated respondents, NSDE II will be the largest field study of diurnal salivary cortisol. NSDE respondents are a representative subsample of the two-wave Midlife in the United States (MIDUS) survey. A rich set of prospective and concurrent sociodemographic, physical health, and personality measures assessed by the MIDUS I and II surveys will be used to predict change in exposure and physical and emotional reactivity to daily stressors in NSDE I and II. Data from the MIDUS II biological project will be linked with NSDE I and II daily data to examine how patterns of exposure and reactivity to daily stressors correlate with measures of immune markers, endocrine functioning, and cardiovascular health. The combination of multiple daily stressors, personal characteristics, and biological measures permits a unique opportunity to show how characteristics of individuals and experiences in their daily lives create pathways to health and well-being.