Daily Stress and Well-Being during Adulthood

描述(由申请人提供)：本提案寻求支持对第一个全国性的日常压力源和幸福感纵向研究的分析。生物标记物和压力自我报告结合在一起，研究个体和群体在成年期间幸福感变化的差异。具体目标是：1)描述10年来日常应激源(例如，频率、内容、严重性、评估的威胁)与日常幸福感之间的多方面联系的变化；2)研究包括社会人口因素和个性在内的个人特征如何预测每日应激源的暴露以及对这些应激源的身体和情感反应的变化；以及3)调查同时和累积暴露于每日应激源如何扰乱唾液皮质醇的昼夜节律并导致下游健康结果。这些目标将通过分析第一波约10年后的第二波全国日常经验研究(NSDE)来实现。NSDE I是一项为期8天的电话日记研究，调查对象为1483名年龄从25岁到74岁的美国成年人，样本包括1996年进行的10,389次每日访谈。NSDE II重复了为期8天的方案，增加了对同一受访者的每日皮质醇(4次×4天)的多项评估以及非裔美国人的补充样本。预计将有2000名受访者参加NSDE II，这将是对白天唾液皮质醇进行的最大规模的实地研究。NSDE受访者是两波美国中年调查(MIDUS)中具有代表性的子样本。由MIDUS I和II调查评估的一套丰富的预期和同时进行的社会人口学、身体健康和个性测量将被用来预测NSDE I和II中对日常应激源的暴露以及身体和情绪反应的变化。MIDUS II生物项目的数据将与NSDE I和II的每日数据相联系，以检查对每日应激源的暴露和反应模式如何与免疫标记物、内分泌功能和心血管健康的测量相关联。多种日常压力源、个人特征和生物测量的结合，使我们有机会展示个人的特征和日常生活中的经历如何创造通往健康和幸福的途径。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This proposal seeks support for the analysis of the first national longitudinal study of daily stressors and well-being. Biomarkers and self-reports of stress are combined to study individual and group differences in change in well-being during adulthood. Specific aims are: 1) To describe change over 10 years in links between multiple aspects of daily stressors (e.g., frequency, content, severity, appraised threat) and daily well-being; 2) To examine how personal characteristics, including sociodemographic factors and personality, predict change in exposure to daily stressors and in physical and emotional reactivity to these stressors; and 3) To investigate how concurrent and cumulative exposure to daily stressors disrupt diurnal rhythms of salivary cortisol and lead to downstream health outcomes. These aims will be addressed by analyzing the second wave of the National Study of Daily Experiences (NSDE) approximately 10 years after wave one. NSDE I was an 8-day telephone diary study of 1483 adults ranging in age from 25-74 years of a U.S. national sample comprised of 10,389 daily interviews conducted in 1996. NSDE II repeats the 8-day protocol with the addition of multiple assessments of daily cortisol (4 occasions X 4 days) on the same respondents as well as a supplemental sample of African Americans. With 2,000 anticipated respondents, NSDE II will be the largest field study of diurnal salivary cortisol. NSDE respondents are a representative subsample of the two-wave Midlife in the United States (MIDUS) survey. A rich set of prospective and concurrent sociodemographic, physical health, and personality measures assessed by the MIDUS I and II surveys will be used to predict change in exposure and physical and emotional reactivity to daily stressors in NSDE I and II. Data from the MIDUS II biological project will be linked with NSDE I and II daily data to examine how patterns of exposure and reactivity to daily stressors correlate with measures of immune markers, endocrine functioning, and cardiovascular health. The combination of multiple daily stressors, personal characteristics, and biological measures permits a unique opportunity to show how characteristics of individuals and experiences in their daily lives create pathways to health and well-being.