Everyday Stress Response Targets in the Science of Behavior Change

 描述(由申请人提供)：压力是心脏、代谢和神经疾病的一个有记录的危险因素。个人对日常压力源的反应可能会干扰他们是否符合国家关于锻炼和睡眠等健康行为的指导方针。该项目的总体目标是利用实验医学方法开发一种有效的、生态上有效的人内方法来测量和干预日常压力对达到两种健康行为的推荐水平的有害影响：体力活动和睡眠模式。在第一阶段，我们将开发、验证和交付压力分析，以评估压力过程的可塑性组件，这些组件在展开时，实时和在个人的自然环境中驱动健康行为决策和执行。在第二阶段，我们将使用这项测试来评估“即时”干预方法，这种方法在特定的应激反应成分最具延展性并能积极影响健康行为的时候和背景下针对它们。与以往的日常应激研究不同，我们将在10个密集的纵向数据集中进行协调分析，分离应激源反应性、恢复和堆积对健康行为的影响。通过复制 通过10项研究的结果，我们将确保确定最可靠和最有力的目标 进行干预。源自压力理论的中心假设是，较大的初始应激源 反应性、恢复不完全或缓慢，以及更频繁的压力反应将对健康行为参与度产生负面影响。这项拟议研究的基本原理是，通过确定这些健康行为的最强预测因素，压力干预将更有效地增加体力活动和睡眠，以满足当前的指导方针(例如，疾病控制中心推动的临床建议)。从这一假设延伸出来的具体目标包括：1)测试跨10个密集的纵向数据集的预测，即压力源的反应性、恢复和堆积可以被识别，并且比传统的压力指数更有用；2)测试这三个组成部分预测日常体力活动和睡眠的预测；3)确定那些更容易受到这些压力干扰健康行为的风险(或弹性)的人的特征；4)在一个新的样本中验证这些组成部分；以及5)测试与个体容易受到压力影响的时间挂钩的“及时”干预措施。该研究团队有10多年的合作历史，代表了日常压力和健康行为干预的理论、设计和分析方面的专家。这种方法是创新的，因为它测试了基于理论的健康行为预测，将在10个数据集上复制影响，并将根据这些结果开发和测试基于经验的新型“及时”干预措施。这项拟议的研究具有重要意义，它促进了我们对压力如何影响疾病发展的理解，并通过使用基于精确医学的干预措施来改善日常健康行为，以达到推荐的水平。

 DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Stress is a documented risk factor for cardiac, metabolic, and neurological disease. How individuals respond to everyday stressors can interfere with whether they meet national guidelines for health behaviors such as exercise and sleep. The overarching goal of this project is to utilize an experimental medicine approach to develop an efficient, ecologically valid, within-person approach to measuring and intervening on the deleterious effects of everyday stress on meeting recommended levels of two health behaviors: physical activity and sleep patterns. In Phase 1, we will develop, validate and deliver a stress assay that assesses malleable components of the stress process that drive health behavior decisions and enactment as they unfold, in real-time and in individuals' natural environments. In Phase 2, we will use this assay to evaluate "just-in-time" intervention approaches that target specific stress response components at times and in contexts when they are most malleable and can positively impact health behaviors. In contrast to previous daily stress studies, we will conduct coordinated analyses in 10 intensive longitudinal datasets separating effects of stressor reactivity, recovery and pile-up on health behaviors. By replicating the results across 10 studies we will ensure identification of the most reliable and potent targets for intervention. The central hypothesis, drawn from stress theory, is that larger initial stressor reactivity, incomplete or slow recovery, and more frequent stress responses will negatively impact health behavior engagement. The rationale for the proposed research is that by identifying the strongest predictors of these health behaviors, stress interventions will be more effective in increasing physical activity and sleep to meet current guidelines (e.g. Center for Disease Control- promoted clinical recommendations). Specific aims extended from this hypothesis include: 1) Test the prediction across 10 intensive longitudinal datasets that stressor reactivity, recovery and pile-up can be identified and are more useful than traditional stress indices, 2) Test the prediction that these three components predict daily physical activity and sleep, 3) Identify characteristics of people who are either more at-risk (or resilient) to these stress interfering with health behaviors, 4) Validate these components in a novel sample, and 5) Test "just-in-time" interventions tied to times when individuals are vulnerable to the effects of stress. The research team has a history 10+ years collaboration and represents experts in theory, design, and analysis of daily stress and health behavior intervention. The approach is innovative because it tests theory- based predictions for health behaviors, will replicate effects across 10 datasets, and will develop and test novel and empirically-based "just-in-time" interventions from these results. The proposed research is significant by advancing our understanding of how stress influences the development of disease and by using interventions grounded in precision medicine to improve daily health behaviors to achieve their recommended levels.