RU: Daily Diary Evaluation of the Health Benefits of a Workplace Intervention

描述（由申请人提供）：尽管近年来美国工作场所的“家庭友好”政策的流行率急剧增加，但很少有人使用科学合理的设计进行研究。为了解决这一关键差距，NIH和CDC成立了工作，家庭和健康网络（WFHN）。在第一阶段，WFHN设计并进行了多项试点和可行性研究。对于第二阶段，WFHN被要求实施一项基于第一阶段试点研究的创新干预措施，旨在增加家庭支持性主管行为和员工对工作的控制，并使用分组随机实验设计评估干预措施。拟议研究的目标是评估旨在减少工作-家庭冲突的工作场所干预措施的效果，从而改善员工，他们的家庭和工作场所的健康和福祉。研究干预以多个学科的理论为基础，并得到我们的试点/可行性研究结果的支持。我们将通过随机分组的现场实验来评估干预的有效性，实验对象为代表不同行业的两名雇主。在每个行业合作伙伴中，将随机分配30个工作地点，每个工作地点有50-120名雇员，接受干预或常规做法条件。将在基线和基线后6个月、12个月和18个月对所有员工和主管参与者进行评估，包括基于选定的生物标志物和活动记录仪的调查访谈和心血管风险和睡眠失调的健康评估。将对雇员的配偶/伴侣和/或10-17岁的子女（每名雇员一名常住子女）进行评估，以记录干预措施对家庭功能的影响。此外，为了阐明干预措施如何影响员工及其子女的福祉，宾夕法尼亚州立大学的研究小组将研究500名参与每日日记评估的儿童-儿童二人组（250名干预人员和250名对照人员）的子样本。在基线和12个月时，将连续8天对员工和儿童进行电话访谈，并在4个电话日提供4份单独的唾液样本;将对这些样本进行压力激素分析，作为更客观的健康指标。日记设计将重点从将工作经验和健康联系起来的人与人之间的关联模式转移到研究员工获得以干预为目标的工作场所政策和做法的日常变化如何与员工日常健康和家庭经历的相应变化联系起来，反过来，他们的孩子。拟议研究的过程评价将记录参与者接受的干预实施和剂量的详细信息。 最后，WFHN将把调查结果转化为商业环境和其他公共媒体渠道。总的来说，这项研究为实施以证据为基础的家庭友好政策提供了很大的希望，从而改善了全国员工及其家庭的健康和福祉。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Although the prevalence of "family-friendly" policies in US workplaces has increased dramatically in recent years, few have been studied using scientifically sound designs. To address this critical gap, NIH and CDC formed the Work, Family, and Health Network (WFHN). During Phase 1, WFHN designed and conducted multiple pilot and feasibility studies. For Phase 2, the WFHN has been called upon to implement an innovative intervention based on Phase I pilot studies that is designed to increase family-supportive supervisor behaviors and employee control over work, and to evaluate the intervention using a group randomized experimental design. The goal of the proposed study is to assess the effects of a workplace intervention designed to reduce work-family conflict, and thereby improve the health and well being of employees, their families, and their workplaces. The study intervention is grounded in theory from multiple disciplines and supported by findings from our pilot/feasibility studies. We will assess the efficacy of the intervention via group-randomized field experiments, one at each of two employers representing different industries. Within each industry partner, 30 worksites of 50-120 employees each will be randomly assigned to intervention or usual practice conditions. All employee and supervisor participants will be assessed at baseline and at 6-, 12-, and 18-months post baseline, including survey interviews and health assessments of cardiovascular risk and sleep dysregulation based on selected biomarkers and actigraphy. Employees' spouse/partners and/or children (one resident child per employee) aged 10-17 years will be assessed to document the impact of the intervention on family functioning. In addition, to illuminate how the intervention affects the well-being of employees and their children, the Penn State team will study a sub-sample of 500 employee-child dyads (250 intervention and 250 control) who will participate in a daily diary assessment. At baseline and 12 months, employee and child will be interviewed by telephone on 8 consecutive days and will provide 4 separate saliva samples across the day on 4 call days; these will be assayed for stress hormones as more objective health indicators. A diary design moves the focus from between-person patterns of association linking work experiences and health to studying how day-to-day variations in employees' access to intervention-targeted workplace policies and practices are linked to corresponding variations in employees' daily health and family experiences, and in turn, those of their child. The proposed study's process evaluation will document details of intervention implementation and dose received by participants. Finally, the WFHN will translate findings to business environments and other public media channels. As a whole, this study holds great promise for informing the implementation of evidence-based family-friendly policies, and therefore improving the health and well-being of employees and their families nationwide.