FINLAND STUDIES OF NUTRITION AND CANCER

停用目的：这些病因学研究的目的是评估饮食(包括脂肪、纤维、水果和蔬菜、硒、类黄酮和几种维生素和胡萝卜素)在乳腺癌、结直肠癌和肺癌中的作用。背景：通过各种研究努力，饮食和营养在癌症发生发展中的重要关系已为人们所熟知。实验室研究表明，各种天然和合成营养素在不同的模型中具有抑制癌症的作用，人类对营养摄入、组织水平和癌症发病率的流行病学研究证实了这一点。方法：本项目包括两项研究。第一项是芬兰赫尔辛基的一项以人群为基础的乳腺癌发病病例对照研究，该研究利用了修改后的饮食历史问卷、人体测量和其他生殖问卷数据。被诊断患有良性乳腺疾病的女性也进行了研究。第二项研究是基于通过社会保险研究所的大型人群队列(n=10,000)，具有诊断前基线饮食病史和其他风险因素数据。进展：队列研究报告了有关膳食脂肪摄入的结果，结果显示能量摄入(与膳食脂肪正相关)与乳腺癌风险呈负相关。与饱和脂肪相比，单不饱和脂肪和多不饱和脂肪对这种联系的贡献更大。在同一项研究中，在不吸烟的男性中，肺癌与水果、类胡萝卜素、维生素E和C的摄入量之间存在反向梯度。没有发现饮食中的视黄醇或硒有关联，也没有发现吸烟者之间有关联。从病例对照研究中，已经分析和报告了生殖风险因素，并支持已建立的风险关联，同时正在进行饮食和人体测量分析。乳房脂肪组织脂肪酸和微量营养素水平的初步研究表明，不同乳房象限的组织水平没有差异，也没有乳房肿瘤附近的组织水平差异。-人类科目

DISCONTINUED OBJECTIVE: The objectives of these etiologic studies are to assess the role of diet (including fat, fiber, fruits and vegetables, selenium, flavonoids, and several vitamins and carotenoids) in breast cancer, colorectal cancer, and lung cancer. BACKGROUND: The important relationship of diet and nutrition in the development of cancer has become well known through various research efforts. Laboratory studies have shown cancer inhibitory function for various natural and synthetic nutrients in various models, which have been corroborated by human epidemiologic studies of nutrient intake, tissue levels, and cancer incidence. METHODS: The project encompasses two studies. The first is a population- based, incident breast cancer case-control study in Helsinki, Finland, that utilized a modified dietary history questionnaire, anthropometric measurements, and other reproductive questionnaire data. Women diagnosed with benign breast disease were also studied. The second study is based on a large population-based cohort (n=10,000), through the Social Insurance Institute, with prediagnostic baseline dietary histories and other risk factor data. PROGRESS: Results concerning dietary fat intake have been reported from the cohort study and showed an inverse association between energy intake (and positive association for dietary fat) with breast cancer risk. Mono- and poly-unsaturated fats contributed to the association more than saturated fats. In the same study, inverse gradients were observed between lung cancer and intake of fruits, carotenoids and vitamin E and C in nonsmoking men. No associations were seen for dietary retinol or selenium, or among smokers. From the case-control study, reproductive risk factors have been analyzed and reported, and support established risk associations, while dietary and anthropometric analyses are pending. The pilot study of breast adipose tissue fatty acid and micronutrient levels demonstrated no differences in tissue levels across breast quadrants or by proximity to breast tumors. - Human Subjects