U S - FINLAND STUDIES OF NUTRITION AND CANCER

饮食与营养在发育中的重要关系 通过各种研究工作，癌症的发病率已经众所周知。 实验室研究表明， 各种天然和合成营养素的各种模型， 已经被营养素的人类流行病学研究所证实， 摄入量、组织水平和癌症发病率。 维生素A，β- 胡萝卜素和硒都与它们的 癌症预防潜力，有足够的证据表明这些 药物，以保证其用于预防试验。 此外，本发明还提供了一种方法， 其他营养素在癌症起因和预防中的作用（例如， 膳食脂肪和纤维）需要进一步研究。 与政府合作项目的目标是： 芬兰是：1）以确定是否β-胡萝卜素或α-胡萝卜素， 补充生育酚可有效预防肺癌， 吸烟者; 2）更好地评估脂肪，硒和 维生素A、E和C在乳腺癌发展中的作用;以及3） 评估各种营养素的摄入量与随后的 癌 该项目包括三项研究。 第一个是5- 年、随机化、双盲、安慰剂对照、2x2析因 预防试验每日β-胡萝卜素（10毫克，每天）和α- 生育酚（每日50毫克）在吸烟者中的高风险肺 癌 肺癌发病率的差异 将确定干预组。 二是丰胸 癌症病例对照研究的脂肪，总热量，硒， 维生素A E和C 各种人体测量的作用 测量以及乳腺癌的遗传标记将是 探讨了 第三个项目将是比较营养素 从现有的 具有诊断前基线饮食史的大型队列。 各种饮食成分与几种癌症之间的关系 将被评估。 已经完成了几项试点研究， 日期，预防试验和乳腺癌研究是 正在进行中

The important relationship of diet and nutrition in the development of cancer has become well known through various research efforts. Laboratory studies have shown cancer inhibitory function for various natural and synthetic nutrients in various models, which have been corroborated by human epidemiologic studies of nutrient intake, tissue levels, and cancer incidence. Vitamin A, beta- carotene, and selenium have been strongly implicated for their cancer preventive potential, with sufficient evidence for these substances to warrant their use in prevention trials. In addition, the roles of other nutrients in cancer cause and prevention (e.g., dietary fats and fiber) require further investigation. The objectives of this cooperative project with the government of Finland are: 1) to determine if either beta-carotene or alpha- tocopherol supplement is effective in preventing lung cancer in smokers; 2) to better assess the role of fats, selenium, and vitamins A, E, and C in breast cancer development; and 3) to evaluate the relation of intake of various nutrients to subsequent cancer. The project includes three studies. The first is a 5- year, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, 2x2 factorial prevention trial of daily beta-carotene (10 mg daily) and alpha- tocopherol (50 mg daily) among smokers at high risk for lung cancer. The difference in lung cancer incidence between intervention groups will be determined. The second is a breast cancer case control study of fats, total calories, selenium, and vitamins A, E, and C. The role of various anthropometric measurements as well as genetic markers for breast cancer will be explored. The third project will be a comparison of nutrient intakes in cases and reference subjects identified from an existing large cohort with prediagnostic baseline dietary histories. Associations between various dietary components and several cancers will be assessed. Several pilot studies have been completed to date, and the prevention trial and breast cancer study are underway.