PHYSIOLOGICAL CORRELATES AND NEURAL MECHANISMS OF VOCAL COMMUNICATION

Z 01 HD 01123-09 LCE和Z 01 HD 01124-09 LCE是一起研究灵长类动物从受体到雨林的听觉交流的同伴项目。这些研究的总体目标是从发育、神经机制、相关内分泌因素和社会背景等方面全面了解灵长类动物的听觉交流。两种非人类灵长类动物物种，松鼠猴和普通绒猴，是主要的研究对象，在合作研究中从包括恒河猴和人类在内的更广泛的物种中收集了额外的数据。该项目的先前工作表明，非人类灵长类动物的声音产生是人类哭泣的功能和结构等同物，是由位于大脑皮层前中线沿着的过渡皮层介导的，并且听觉皮层中的单个神经元（上级颞回）对物种特异性发声的声学结构中的细微差异特别敏感，这表明在调节个体差异方面起着重要作用1999财政年度的新发现是（a）恒河猴新生儿的下颞叶皮层的损伤导致发声行为的改变，这种改变早在出生后1个月就很明显，并至少持续到第二年;（B）普通绒猴中的催乳素水平与婴儿取回测试中的携带时间显著相关，并且多巴胺激动剂溴隐亭降低催乳素的血清水平并显著增加取回婴儿的平均潜伏期;（c）患有实验性自身免疫性脑炎（EAE）的成年普通绒猴作为研究多发性硬化症（MS）的灵长类动物模型，产生了特征性的phee发声，其在几个参数上不同于这些相同动物在EAE诱导前发出的phee叫声。- 灵长类，发声，脑，神经行为学

Z01 HD 01123-09 LCE and Z01 HD 01124-09 LCE are companion projects that together investigate auditory communication in primates from receptors to the rainforest. The overall goal of these studies is to provide a comprehensive understanding of primate auditory communication in terms of development, neural mechanisms, related endocrine factors, and social context. Two non-human primate species, the squirrel monkey and the common marmoset, are the main subjects of study, with additional data collected in collaborative studies from a wider range of species including rhesus macaques and humans. Prior work in this project has shown that production of sounds of non-human primates that are the functional and structural equivalents of crying in humans is mediated by transitional cortex located along the anterior midline of the cerebral cortex, and that single neural elements in the auditory cortex (superior temporal gyrus) are particularly responsive to subtle differences in the acoustic structure of species-specific vocalizations, suggesting an important role in mediating individual differences (vocal signatures).New findings in FY99 were (a) lesions of the inferior temporal cortex in rhesus macaque neonates results in altered vocal behavior that is evident as early as 1 month of life and persists at least into the second year; (b) prolactin levels in common marmosets were significantly correlated with carrying time in infant retrieval tests, and the dopamine agonist bromocryptine reduced serum levels of prolactin and significantly increased the mean latency to retrieve infants; (c) adult common marmosets with experimental autoimmune encephalitis (EAE) as a primate model for studying multiple sclerosis (MS) produced characteristic phee vocalizations that differed in several parameters from phee calls made by these same animals prior to EAE-induction. - primates, vocalization, brain, neuroethology