Genetic And Experiential Influences On The Development Of Primate Vocal Behavior

这和一个同伴项目（HD 001123）研究灵长类动物的听觉交流。这些研究的总体目标是从发育、神经机制、内分泌因素和社会背景等方面全面了解灵长类动物的听觉交流。松鼠猴和普通绒猴这两个物种一直是主要研究对象，并酌情从其他物种收集了更多数据。本项目从生物声学和行为学的角度研究灵长类动物的交流，重点是在自然环境中产生的发声的详细声学结构，以及结构差异与年龄，性别，经验和反应选择性差异的关系，以及社会背景和遗传背景等更广泛的因素。该项目的先前工作已经确定，婴儿哭声的详细声学结构存在相当大的个体差异，至少在生命的前3个月内是稳定的。 该项目目前的重点是分析多年来从我们的殖民地收集的声乐数据，以全面了解在短暂的社会分离时期声乐发展的情况。这是一个独特的项目，因为之前没有对非人类灵长类动物群体中的声音发育进行纵向分析。 数据收集自3种非人灵长类动物。 今年，在普通绒猴（Callithrix jacchus）婴儿出生后第一周短暂分离期间收集的发声进行了分析。 对来自一个队列（“J”队列）的36名婴儿进行了分析。 其中32只是双胞胎（这是绒猴的常见模式），另外还有4只是单胞胎。 出生时的年龄从22克到34克不等。 出生后1-2天进行记录（在此期间，在被毛上制作剃毛补丁以提供个体识别）。 将婴儿轻轻地与父母分开，放在单独安静房间内的小穿孔称重盒中的软垫上。 婴儿通常在分离后立即开始发声。 记录在5分钟或更短时间后终止，婴儿返回其父母身边。 在这种情况下，发声6声学子类型。 大约一半的双胞胎产生的叫声模式与他们的双胞胎兄弟非常相似。 在一周龄时使用类似的方法重复记录。 呼叫模式较少，因此，在大多数情况下，双胞胎兄弟姐妹共享呼叫行为。这些结果代表了第一个全面的描述，在非人灵长类动物的新生儿的呼叫行为。 一个由经过认证的系谱学家朱迪思纽曼开发的数据库将提供对殖民地成员家庭关系的方便访问，这将有助于比较相关个体的声音行为。

This and a companion project (HD001123) investigate auditory communication in primates. The overall goal of these studies is to provide a comprehensive understanding of primate auditory communication in terms of development, neural mechanisms, endocrine factors, and social context. Two species, the squirrel monkey and the common marmoset, have been the main subjects of study, with additional data collected from other species where appropriate. The present project studies primate communication from a bioacoustic and ethological perspective, focusing on the detailed acoustic structure of vocalizations produced in natural settings, and the relationship of structural differences to differences in age, gender, experience and response selectivity, as well as the broader factors of social context and genetic background. Prior work in this project has determined that there is considerable individual variation in the detailed acoustic structure of infant cries, which is stable over at least the first 3 months of life. The project is currently focusing on the analysis of vocal data collected from our colony over a number of years, to produce a comprehensive picture of vocal development in the context of brief periods of social separation. This is a unique project, as no prior longitudinal analyses of vocal development in a non-human primate colony exist. Data have been collected from 3 species of non-human primate. This year, vocalizations collected during brief separations of common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) infants in their first week of life have been analyzed. Thirty-six infants from one cohort (the 'J' cohort) were analyzed. Thirty-two were born as twins (the usual pattern in marmosets), with four additional singletons. Ages at birth ranged from 22 to 34 grams. Recordings were made 1-2 days after birth (during which time shaved patches were made in the fur to provide individual identification). Infants were gently separated from a parent and placed on a soft pad in a small, perforated weighing box in a separate, quiet room. Infants typically began vocalizing immediately upon separation. Recordings were terminated after 5 minutes or less, and the infant returned to its parents. Vocalizations made in this context were of 6 acoustic sub-types. About half of the twins produced calling patterns very similar to those of their twin sibling. Recordings were repeated at one week of age, using similar methods. Calling patterns were fewer, and, as a consequence, twin siblings shared calling behavior in most cases. These results represent the first comprehensive description of the calling behavior of neonates in a non-human primate. A database being developed by a certified genealogist, Judith Newman, will provide ready access to the familial relationships of the members of the colony, which will facilitate comparisons of the vocal behavior of related individuals.