SENSORIMOTOR INTEGRATION IN SPATIAL ORIENTATION

空间定向中的感觉运动整合

• 批准号: 6323238
• 负责人: GARY D PAIGE
• 金额: $ 22.77万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF ROCHESTER
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2000
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2000-07-01 至 2003-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6323238
• 关键词: aging; auditory feedback; auditory pathways; balance; behavioral /social science research tag; clinical research; cues; eye movements; gait; head movements; human old age (65+); human subject; limb movement; neural information processing; neural plasticity; performance; posture; proprioception /kinesthesia; psychophysiology; sensorimotor system; space perception; vestibular pathway; visual feedback; visual fixation; visual perception; visual stimulus

An essential goal of the nervous system is to maintain orientation and equilibrium relative to the outside world. Normal performance requires that we accurately localize ourselves within our surrounding, distinguish self-movement from that of environment elements, and control movement through a complex world. These tasks are accomplished by neural systems that coordinate and integrate multiple motor behaviors with the aid of feedback from multiple sensory modalities. Vision and audition (the exteroceptive position of the body and its parts, and vestibular inputs yield head motion and orientation information. These sensory inputs are then processed by the brain, which generates the motor behaviors required to perform natural activities. Examples include coordinated eye and head movements that acquire and hold fixation on targets of interest, guided hand movements that allow us to accurately grasp and manipulate objects, and maintenance of postural and gait stability required for ambulation. How these crucial and ubiquitous functions work and maintain coordination, and how they degenerate with natural aging, constitute the subject of the proposed research. This endeavor is motivated by two public health concerns: aging is accompanied by a progressive increase in the clinical prevalence of dysequilibrium, and in the risk and consequences of falls. Both phenomena constitute failures of spatial orientation and equilibrium control. We will study physiological and psychophysical parameters that underlie how the brain utilizes vestibular, visual, proprioceptive, and auditory inputs to control eye-head-hand coordination and postural stability. How these functions deteriorate with aging will be determined. Further, we will quantify adaptive capabilities that maintain accurate calibration between sensory modalities and between exteroceptive input and motor output (e.g. accurate ocular fixation or grasping), and will elucidate potential age-dependent limitations in these adaptive capabilities. State of the art techniques will be employed to isolate and combine specific sensory cues relevant to spatial localization and to the motor acquisition of external targets, as well as to the control of postural stability. We hypothesize that specific deficits in sensory interactions, sensorimotor integration, and adaptive plasticity occur with aging. Further, a thorough understanding of these functions is required in order to develop specific and effective interventions that might correct, or rehabilitate, potential age-dependent or disease-induced deficits.

神经系统的基本目标是保持取向和 相对于外界的平衡。 正常性能需要 我们准确地将自己定位在周围，区分 从环境元素和控制运动的自我移动 通过一个复杂的世界。 这些任务是由神经系统完成的 借助于 来自多种感觉方式的反馈。 视觉和试听（ 身体及其部位的外部感知位置以及前庭输入 产量头运动和方向信息。 这些感官输入是 然后由大脑处理，这会产生所需的运动行为 进行自然活动。 例子包括协调的眼睛和头部 指导的动作并保持对目标目标的固定 使我们能够准确掌握和操纵物体的手动运动， 以及维护行走所需的姿势和步态稳定性。 这些关键和无处不在的功能如何工作和维持协调， 以及它们如何随着自然衰老而退化，构成了 拟议的研究。 这项工作是由两个公共卫生的动机 问题：衰老伴随着临床的逐步增加 Dysequilibrium的患病率，以及跌倒的风险和后果。 两种现象构成空间取向和平衡的失败 控制。 我们将研究基于的生理和心理物理参数 大脑如何利用前庭，视觉，本体感受和听觉 控制眼头协调和姿势稳定性的输入。 如何 这些功能将随着衰老而恶化。 此外，我们 将量化保持准确校准的适应性功能 在感觉方式之间以及外部感受性输入和电动机之间 输出（例如准确的眼固定或抓握），并将阐明 这些自适应能力的潜在年龄依赖性局限性。 状态 将采用艺术技术来隔离和结合特定 与空间本地化和电动机采集相关的感官提示 外部目标以及姿势稳定性的控制。 我们 假设感觉相互作用的特定缺陷，感觉运动 衰老随着衰老而发生整合和自适应可塑性。 此外， 为了发展，需要彻底了解这些功能 具体有效的干预措施，可能纠正或恢复 潜在的年龄依赖性或疾病引起的缺陷。