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治疗注意力缺陷的兴奋剂的使用 北方2%-6%的儿童被诊断为多动症 美国，自1990年以来几乎增加了两倍的用法 源于对这种疾病的更广泛的认识，以及 扩大这种刺激性药物的知识继续 多年来一直有效，一直持续到成年，在未知的情况下产生 副作用目前还没有达成一致的机制 常用的抗多动药物苯丙胺和 两种药物均可促进多动的精神运动减慢 儿童和成人，但都会提高细胞外多巴胺水平 矛盾的是，多巴胺的升高会增强运动活性，而且 这显然构成了帕金森氏症药物的基础 悖论是先导研究的重点，也是研究的目的 是为了研究一种新的假设，即正常的脉动 多巴胺的供应，与广泛的浓度范围，导致 受体的可获得性和交易模式与 持续和高水平的神经递质供应，这可能导致 利用抗多动症药物进行这项研究，我们正在 克隆猴D1和D2多巴胺受体，并将研究 这一假设与受体在体外和体内表达 影像出版物Seeman P和Madras BK抗多动 药物哌甲酯和苯丙胺摩尔精神病科3386-396， 九八年

The use of stimulant medications for attention deficit hyperactivity, which is diagnosed in 2 - 6% of children in North America, has almost tripled since 1990 The increased usage presumably stems from wider recognition of this disorder, as well as the expanding knowledge that such stimulant medication continues to be effective over years, well into adulthood, without known production of adverse side effects There is yet no consensus on the mechanisms of the commonly used anti-hyperactivity medications, amphetamine and methylphenidate Both drugs promote psychomotor slowing of hyperactive children and adults, yet both raise extracellular dopamine levels Paradoxically, elevation of dopamine enhances motor activity, and forms the basis of medications for Parkinson's disease This apparent paradox is the focus of the pilot study The objective of the research is to investigate a novel hypothesis, that a the normal pulsatile supply of dopamine, with a broad range of c oncen trations, results in a different pattern of receptor availability and trafficking than a constant and high supply of the neurotransmitter, which may result with anti-hyperactivity medications To pursue this research, we are cloning the monkey D1 and D2 dopamine receptors and will investigate this hypothesis with the receptor expressed in vitro and in vivo with imaging PUBLICATION Seeman P and Madras BK Anti-hyperactivity medication methylphenidate and amphetamine Mol Psychiatry 3 386-396, 1998