VISUAL MEDIA INFLUENCES ON ADOLESCENT SMOKING BEHAVIOR

据我们所知，没有对这种关系进行评估， 在视觉媒体（电视和 电影）和青年人吸烟。 我们假设 在视觉媒体中暴露于吸烟与摄取 青少年吸烟 我们将通过一个 可行性研究 这项研究的目的是确定如何最好地 测量这种环境暴露，并探索其与 青少年吸烟行为 这项研究将包括以下组成部分：1）内容分析， 在屏幕上吸烟行为的500个主要电影提供 1990年至1996年的录像带。 内容分析将为我们提供 根据吸烟的数量和类型来给电影打分 他们描绘的行为; 2）一个会议，汇集专家在 烟草流行病学、传播学、营销学和行为学领域 心理学 会议的目标是建立共识 如何在视觉媒体中测量吸烟。 这些措施将 在研究的头两年中进行了完善; 3）焦点小组 评估他们对一系列吸烟的反应， 行为和相关的主题表现在电影中。 基于 根据焦点小组的结果，我们将选择描绘吸烟的电影 在青少年认为有利的情况下; 4）随机 一项实验，青少年被随机分配观看一部电影 描述或不描述吸烟行为。 看完 电影，学生将接受调查，以确定他们的易感性， 吸烟及其对吸烟效用的看法; 5）为期一年的 对50名青少年的队列研究。 确定视觉媒体的类型 以及他们对电影和星星偏好的稳定性 随着时间的推移，我们将每月通过电话访问这些青少年; 6） 两项针对青少年的大型横断面研究， 星星偏好与吸烟暴露之间的关系 视觉媒体和报告的吸烟行为。 这项研究的主要结果变量包括吸烟经历 对于非吸烟者，最近开发的一个指数， 测量吸烟实验的易感性。 此索引 预测青少年将来成为吸烟者的风险。 次要结局指标将包括测量感知的变量 吸烟的效用以及青少年是否将吸烟视为规范 行为

To our knowledge, there has been no assessment of the relationship between the viewing of smoking behavior in visual media (television and films) and the adoption of smoking among youth. We hypothesize that exposure to smoking in visual media is associated with the uptake of smoking in adolescents. We will investigate this association through a feasibility study. The goals of the study are to determine how to best measure this environmental exposure and to explore its relationship with adolescent smoking behavior. The study will include the following components: 1) A content analysis of on-screen smoking behavior for 500 major motion pictures available on video tape between 1990 and 1996. The content analysis will provide us with a way to rate movies according to the amount and type of smoking behavior they portray; 2) A conference bringing together experts in the fields of tobacco epidemiology, communications, marketing, and behavioral psychology. The objective of the conference is to establish a consensus on how to measure smoking in visual media. These measures will be refined throughout the first two years of the study; 3) Focus groups with adolescents to evaluate their responses to a range of smoking behaviors and associated themes exhibited in movies. Based on the results of the focus groups, we will choose movies that portray smoking in contexts that adolescents view as favorable; 4) A randomized experiment in which adolescents are randomly assigned to view a movie that does or does not portray smoking behavior. After viewing the movie, students will be surveyed to determine their susceptibility to smoking and their perception of the utility of smoking; 5) A one-year cohort study of 50 adolescents. To determine the types of visual media viewed over time and the stability of their movie and star preferences over time, we will interview these adolescents monthly by telephone; 6) Two large cross sectional studies of adolescents to evaluate the relationship between star preference and exposure to tobacco use in visual media and reported smoking behavior. The primary outcome variables for this study include smoking experience and, for non-smokers, a recently developed index that combines a measure of smoking experimentation with susceptibility. This index predicts an adolescent's risk of becoming a smoker in the future. Secondary outcome measures will include variables measuring perceived utility of smoking and whether adolescents view smoking as normative behavior.