Media Influences on Early Onset Alcohol Use

描述（由申请人提供）：本申请建议继续研究电影对青少年饮酒和相关问题行为的影响。我们已经成功地开展了一项针对美国青少年（基线年龄为10-14岁）的4波纵向研究。在每一次研究中，我们都评估了青少年在流行的当代电影中使用酒精的情况及其饮酒行为。我们最近的分析表明，观看电影酒精使用与饮酒的开始，酒精消费的增长和酒精问题有关。我们已经确定了至少三种机制，通过这些机制，电影曝光可能会影响这些行为：通过更有利的认知（原型和期望）的发展，作为观看电影酒精使用的结果，通过接触R级电影对感觉寻求增长的影响，以及通过同伴饮酒的变化。最后，我们发现，黑人青少年对电影曝光的反应明显低于白人。随着青少年进入高中（年龄15-19岁），我们正在进一步跟踪队列的3个波，并用600名黑人青少年丰富队列，以便更好地评估电影酒精使用的种族差异。我们还旨在研究接触电影酒精使用与（a）先前非使用者中迟发性酒精开始之间的关联，以及（B）先前使用者中酒精消费增加和过渡到酒精滥用之间的关联。此外，我们的目标是研究观看R级电影和感觉寻求增长的影响，并评估观看电影饮酒、观看R级电影以及鲁莽驾驶和违法行为之间的持续关系。将对可能与电影曝光和这些行为相关的变量（例如，父母教养方式），并将研究酒精暴露对不同年龄和种族/民族的参与者的影响。这项工作将由一个具有物质使用理论和先进分析程序专业知识的跨学科小组进行。在延续期内，我们计划向现有的预防专业人员网络强调研究结果的科学重要性，以影响减少未成年人饮酒问题的教育和政策方法。公共卫生相关性：我们假设，青少年在电影中看到的酒精使用会影响他们对酒精使用的信念，增加他们尝试酒精的机会，增加他们的酒精消费量，并增加他们发展酒精问题的机会。该项目旨在继续研究一组美国青少年的这种关系。饮酒是青少年死亡的一个主要潜在原因，主要是由于在酒精影响下驾驶时受伤。由于在电影中接触酒精是普遍的，减少这种接触可能会对公共卫生产生重大影响。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This application proposes to continue research into the role movies play as an influence on adolescent drinking and related problem behaviors. We have successfully fielded a 4-wave longitudinal study of U.S. adolescents (ages 10-14 years at baseline). At each study wave we have assessed the adolescents' exposure to alcohol use in popular contemporary movies and their drinking behavior. Our recent analyses have indicated that viewing movie alcohol use is associated with initiation of drinking, with growth in the consumption of alcohol, and with alcohol problems. We have identified at least three mechanisms through which movie exposure may influence these behaviors: through the development of more favorable cognitions (prototypes & expectancies) as a result of seeing movie alcohol use, through effects of exposure to R-rated movies on growth in sensation seeking, and through changes in peer drinking. Finally, we have found that Black adolescents are significantly less responsive to movie exposure compared with Whites. We are following the cohort forward for an additional 3 waves as the adolescents enter high school (ages 15-19 years) and enriching the cohort with 600 Black adolescents in order to better evaluate racial differences in response to movie alcohol use. We aim also to study the association between exposure to movie alcohol use and (a) late-onset alcohol initiation among previous nonusers, and (b) increases in alcohol consumption and transition to alcohol abuse among previous users. In addition we aim to examine the implications of exposure to R-rated movies and growth in sensation seeking, and to assess the ongoing relation between exposure to movie alcohol use, R-rated movie exposure, and reckless driving and delinquent behaviors. The analyses will be conducted with controls for variables that may be correlated with movie exposure and these behaviors (e.g., parenting style), and will examine alcohol exposure effects for participants of different ages and race/ethnicity. The work will be conducted by an interdisciplinary team with expertise in substance use theory and advanced analytic procedures. In the continuation period we plan to highlight the scientific importance of the findings to existing networks of prevention professionals so as to influence education and policy approaches to reducing underage drinking problems. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: We hypothesize that alcohol use teenagers see in movies influences their beliefs about alcohol use, increases the chances they will try alcohol, increases their consumption of alcohol, and increases the chances they will develop alcohol problems. This project aims to continue to study this relationship in a group of U.S. adolescents. Alcohol use is a major underlying cause of death during adolescence, mainly due to injuries sustained while driving under the influence of alcohol. Because exposure to alcohol in movies is universal, reducing such exposure could have major public health implications.