Media Influences on Early Onset Alcohol Use

描述（由申请人提供）：了解为什么青少年开始喝酒，并继续升级酒精使用是一个关键因素，以防止青少年酒精滥用。虽然众所周知，青少年开始饮酒是对社会影响的反应，但娱乐业的影响仍然没有得到充分研究，我们也不知道有任何研究调查电影对青少年饮酒的影响。我们的初步数据表明，观看电影酒精使用影响饮酒的开始。与饮酒同时发生的性行为和暴力的电影预防可能会产生额外的影响，持续接触电影预防可能会影响酒精使用的升级和可能的其他结果（例如，攻击性行为）。然而，这些媒体的影响的性质还没有得到广泛的调查，在大的代表性样本。为了更多地了解电影对青少年饮酒和暴力的影响，我们建议对两（2）个数据集进行基于理论的分析，两个数据集的基线都是10-14岁的青少年：研究1是来自学校样本的2波数据集，覆盖2415名北方新英格兰学生，研究2是来自6522名10-14岁美国青少年的全国代表性样本的4波数据集。我们的目标是：a）检查1990年至2005年期间发行的1000多部当代流行电影中有关酒精使用、酒精品牌禁忌、暴力、性和非法药物使用的内容分析数据; B）获得青少年在电影中暴露于这些因素的估计值，并检查这些电影暴露与青少年酒精使用和其他问题行为之间的关系; c）通过选定的变量（例如，性别、种族、自我控制）; d）通过诸如酒精预期和使用者的认知图像等中介物测试电影暴露对青少年酒精使用的间接影响; e）在使用潜在生长模型的纵向分析中，检查青少年的态度和行为随着时间的推移的变化，作为持续暴露于电影酒精使用的函数;以及f）使用关联潜在增长模型，调查饮酒与暴力之间的长期关系。分析将使用可能与电影曝光相关的许多协变量（例如，感觉寻求，养育方式）进行控制，将检查不同年龄参与者的酒精暴露影响，并将测试两项独立研究的重复结果。这项工作将由一个具有物质使用理论和分析程序专业知识的跨学科团队进行。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Understanding why young adolescents begin to drink and go on to escalate alcohol use is a key element to preventing adolescent alcohol misuse. Although it is known that adolescents initiate drinking in response to social influences, the entertainment industry remains an understudied influence, and we know of no research examining the role of movies as an influence on adolescent drinking. Our preliminary data indicates that viewing movie alcohol use influences initiation of drinking. Movie depictions of sexual behavior and violence concurrent with alcohol use may have additional effects, and continued exposure to movie depictions could influence escalation of alcohol use and possibly other outcomes (e.g., aggressive behavior). However, the nature of these media effects has not been extensively investigated in large representative samples. To learn more about the effect of movies on youth alcohol use and violence, we propose to conduct theoretically-based analyses on two (2) data sets, both with youth aged 10-14 at baseline: Study 1 is a 2-wave data set from a school sample covering 2415 Northern New England students, and Study 2 is a 4-wave data set from a nationally representative sample of 6522 U.S. adolescents 10-14 years. We aim to a) examine content analysis data on alcohol use, alcohol brand depictions, violence, sex, and illicit drug use in over 1000 popular contemporary movies released between 1990 and 2005; b) obtain estimates of adolescents' exposure to these factors in movies and examine the relation between such movie exposures and adolescents' alcohol use and other problem behaviors; c) test for moderation of movie exposure effects by selected variables (e.g., gender, ethnicity, self-control); d) test for indirect effects of movie exposure on adolescents' alcohol use through mediators such as alcohol expectancies and cognitive images of users; e) in longitudinal analyses using latent growth modeling, examine changes in adolescents' attitudes and behavior over time as a function of ongoing exposure to movie alcohol use; and f) using associative latent growth models, investigate relations between alcohol use and violence over time. The analyses will be conducted with controls for a number of covariates that may be correlated with movie exposure (e.g. sensation seeking, parenting style), will examine alcohol exposure effects for participants of different ages, and will test for replicated findings across the two independent studies. The work will be conducted by an interdisciplinary, team with expertise in substance use theory and analytic procedures.