Media Influences on Early Onset Alcohol Use

描述(由申请者提供)：了解青少年开始饮酒并不断增加酒精使用的原因是防止青少年酒精滥用的关键因素。虽然众所周知，青少年饮酒是为了应对社会影响，但娱乐业的影响仍然研究得很少，我们也不知道电影对青少年饮酒影响的研究。我们的初步数据表明，观看电影饮酒会影响饮酒的开始。在饮酒的同时出现性行为和暴力的电影描述可能会产生额外的影响，持续观看电影描述可能会影响酒精使用的升级，并可能影响其他结果(例如，攻击性行为)。然而，这些媒体效应的性质还没有在具有代表性的大样本中进行广泛的调查。为了更多地了解电影对青少年酗酒和暴力的影响，我们提议对两(2)个数据集进行基于理论的分析，两个数据集的基线年龄均为10-14岁：研究1是来自学校的2波数据集，涵盖新英格兰北部2415名学生；研究2是来自全国具有代表性的6522名10-14岁青少年的样本的4波数据集。我们的目标是a)检查1990至2005年间上映的1000多部当代流行电影中关于酒精使用、酒精品牌描述、暴力、性和非法药物使用的内容分析数据；b)获得青少年在电影中接触这些因素的估计，并检查这些电影暴露与青少年酒精使用和其他问题行为之间的关系；c)通过选定的变量(如性别、种族、自我控制)测试电影暴露效果的适度；d)测试电影暴露对青少年酒精使用的间接影响，如酒精预期和使用者的认知形象；E)在使用潜在增长模型的纵向分析中，检查青少年态度和行为随时间的变化，作为持续接触电影酒精的函数；以及f)使用关联潜在增长模型，调查酒精使用与暴力之间的关系。分析将与可能与电影暴露相关的一些协变量(例如，感觉寻求、育儿方式)进行对照，将检查不同年龄参与者的酒精暴露影响，并将在两项独立研究中测试重复的结果。这项工作将由一个在物质使用理论和分析程序方面拥有专业知识的跨学科团队进行。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Understanding why young adolescents begin to drink and go on to escalate alcohol use is a key element to preventing adolescent alcohol misuse. Although it is known that adolescents initiate drinking in response to social influences, the entertainment industry remains an understudied influence, and we know of no research examining the role of movies as an influence on adolescent drinking. Our preliminary data indicates that viewing movie alcohol use influences initiation of drinking. Movie depictions of sexual behavior and violence concurrent with alcohol use may have additional effects, and continued exposure to movie depictions could influence escalation of alcohol use and possibly other outcomes (e.g., aggressive behavior). However, the nature of these media effects has not been extensively investigated in large representative samples. To learn more about the effect of movies on youth alcohol use and violence, we propose to conduct theoretically-based analyses on two (2) data sets, both with youth aged 10-14 at baseline: Study 1 is a 2-wave data set from a school sample covering 2415 Northern New England students, and Study 2 is a 4-wave data set from a nationally representative sample of 6522 U.S. adolescents 10-14 years. We aim to a) examine content analysis data on alcohol use, alcohol brand depictions, violence, sex, and illicit drug use in over 1000 popular contemporary movies released between 1990 and 2005; b) obtain estimates of adolescents' exposure to these factors in movies and examine the relation between such movie exposures and adolescents' alcohol use and other problem behaviors; c) test for moderation of movie exposure effects by selected variables (e.g., gender, ethnicity, self-control); d) test for indirect effects of movie exposure on adolescents' alcohol use through mediators such as alcohol expectancies and cognitive images of users; e) in longitudinal analyses using latent growth modeling, examine changes in adolescents' attitudes and behavior over time as a function of ongoing exposure to movie alcohol use; and f) using associative latent growth models, investigate relations between alcohol use and violence over time. The analyses will be conducted with controls for a number of covariates that may be correlated with movie exposure (e.g. sensation seeking, parenting style), will examine alcohol exposure effects for participants of different ages, and will test for replicated findings across the two independent studies. The work will be conducted by an interdisciplinary, team with expertise in substance use theory and analytic procedures.