Media Influences on Early Onset Alcohol Use

描述（由申请人提供）：了解为什么青少年开始饮酒并继续升级酒精使用是防止青少年酒精滥用的关键因素。虽然我们知道，青少年开始饮酒是对社会影响的回应，但娱乐业的影响仍未得到充分研究，而且我们知道没有研究调查电影对青少年饮酒的影响。我们的初步数据表明，观看电影酒精使用影响饮酒的开始。与饮酒同时发生的性行为和暴力的电影描述可能会产生额外的影响，持续接触电影描述可能会影响酒精使用的升级和可能的其他结果（例如，攻击行为）。然而，这些介质效应的性质尚未在大型代表性样本中进行广泛调查。为了进一步了解电影对青少年酒精使用和暴力的影响，我们建议对两(2)组数据进行基于理论的分析，这两组数据均以10-14岁的青少年为基线：研究1是来自2415名新英格兰北部学生的学校样本的2波数据集，研究2是来自6522名美国10-14岁青少年的全国代表性样本的4波数据集。我们的目标是a)检查1990年至2005年间发行的1000多部流行当代电影中关于酒精使用、酒精品牌描述、暴力、性和非法药物使用的内容分析数据；B)获得青少年在电影中接触这些因素的估计，并检查这些电影接触与青少年酒精使用和其他问题行为之间的关系；C)通过选定变量（如性别、种族、自我控制）检验电影暴露效应的调节；D)通过酒精预期和使用者认知形象等中介，检验电影暴露对青少年酒精使用的间接影响；E)在纵向分析中，使用潜在增长模型，检查青少年态度和行为随时间的变化，作为持续接触电影酒精使用的函数；f)使用联想潜在增长模型，调查酒精使用与暴力之间的关系。这些分析将在控制一些可能与电影接触相关的协变量（例如，寻求刺激、养育方式）的情况下进行，将检查不同年龄参与者的酒精接触影响，并将测试两个独立研究中重复的发现。这项工作将由一个具有物质使用理论和分析程序专业知识的跨学科小组进行。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Understanding why young adolescents begin to drink and go on to escalate alcohol use is a key element to preventing adolescent alcohol misuse. Although it is known that adolescents initiate drinking in response to social influences, the entertainment industry remains an understudied influence, and we know of no research examining the role of movies as an influence on adolescent drinking. Our preliminary data indicates that viewing movie alcohol use influences initiation of drinking. Movie depictions of sexual behavior and violence concurrent with alcohol use may have additional effects, and continued exposure to movie depictions could influence escalation of alcohol use and possibly other outcomes (e.g., aggressive behavior). However, the nature of these media effects has not been extensively investigated in large representative samples. To learn more about the effect of movies on youth alcohol use and violence, we propose to conduct theoretically-based analyses on two (2) data sets, both with youth aged 10-14 at baseline: Study 1 is a 2-wave data set from a school sample covering 2415 Northern New England students, and Study 2 is a 4-wave data set from a nationally representative sample of 6522 U.S. adolescents 10-14 years. We aim to a) examine content analysis data on alcohol use, alcohol brand depictions, violence, sex, and illicit drug use in over 1000 popular contemporary movies released between 1990 and 2005; b) obtain estimates of adolescents' exposure to these factors in movies and examine the relation between such movie exposures and adolescents' alcohol use and other problem behaviors; c) test for moderation of movie exposure effects by selected variables (e.g., gender, ethnicity, self-control); d) test for indirect effects of movie exposure on adolescents' alcohol use through mediators such as alcohol expectancies and cognitive images of users; e) in longitudinal analyses using latent growth modeling, examine changes in adolescents' attitudes and behavior over time as a function of ongoing exposure to movie alcohol use; and f) using associative latent growth models, investigate relations between alcohol use and violence over time. The analyses will be conducted with controls for a number of covariates that may be correlated with movie exposure (e.g. sensation seeking, parenting style), will examine alcohol exposure effects for participants of different ages, and will test for replicated findings across the two independent studies. The work will be conducted by an interdisciplinary, team with expertise in substance use theory and analytic procedures.