Cinema Smoking and Youth Smoking in Latin America

描述(由申请人提供)：本R01申请旨在加强电影吸烟领域中与当地相关的研究和政策的能力。国家癌症研究所得出结论，电影吸烟是2008年年轻人吸烟的原因之一。从那时起，作为世界卫生组织《烟草控制框架公约》第13条执行指南的一部分，颁布了旨在减少青少年接触电影吸烟的指令。该提案将开发这项科学以证明电影和吸烟之间存在因果联系的研究人员与阿根廷和墨西哥的关键科学家配对，后者已经开始在各自的国家研究同样的联系，总体目标是加强对青少年吸烟的电影和营销风险因素的研究。值得注意的是，我们涉及到另一位来自德国的研究人员，他成功地在6个欧洲联盟(EU)国家完成了类似的研究。与我们的拉美同事合作，我们将修改欧盟关于对国产电影进行内容编码和对青少年进行调查的协议，以检验一个新的假设--即国内电影中的拉丁裔角色吸烟比外国制作的电影(其中角色大多是非拉丁裔)更有效。此外，该小组将评估青少年对烟草品牌商品(例如，T恤和收藏包)的拥有率，以确定对这些产品的接受程度是否与电影曝光协同作用。这项研究的目的是：1)培养研究人员跟踪烟草使用和国内电影市场品牌投放的能力(国内电影市场约占每个国家观看电影的10%)；2)发展研究人员对青少年进行以学校为基础的纵向调查的能力，以确定媒体和营销风险因素在促进吸烟方面的重要性；以及3)确定旨在减少媒体和营销暴露的政策制定和研究传播工作的杠杆点。Aim 2涉及对两国青少年(基线为12或13岁)进行两波基于学校的调查，其中评估对过去10年发行的流行当代电影的接触情况。电影样本框架将充实国产电影，以检验国产电影与外国电影的影响假说。我们还将评估烟草品牌商品的拥有率，包括物品的类型、品牌和展示地点。我们将确定品牌商品是否在学校环境中穿戴，以及其他人看到此类商品的频率。最后，我们将对每个国家的电影业的结构、融资和政策制定过程进行诊断，并与一位顾问一起分析结果，这位顾问在制定无烟电影运动方面发挥了重要作用，这是一项成功的运动，旨在减少美国青少年接触电影的机会。这些努力结合各国的研究成果，旨在开发与当地相关的方法，以减少青少年接触电影中的烟草成分。因此，这项建议解决了这些国家青少年吸烟的重要风险因素，并提供了独特和创新的方法来评估这种接触，以及测试关于电影角色和品牌商品的种族和民族如何改变接触电影吸烟和青少年吸烟之间的联系的新假设的能力。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This R01 application aims to strengthen capacity for locally-relevant research and policy in the area of movie smoking. The National Cancer Institute concluded that movie smoking is one cause of youth smoking in 2008. Since then, directives aimed at reducing youth exposure to movie smoking have been promulgated as part of the implementation guidelines for Article 13 of the World Health Organization's Framework Convention on Tobacco Control. The proposal pairs researchers who developed the science to demonstrate a causal link between movies and smoking with key scientists in Argentina and Mexico who have begun studying the same link in their respective countries, with the overarching aim of enhancing research on movie and marketing risk factors for youth smoking. Notably, we involve another researcher from Germany who has successfully completed a similar study in 6 European Union (EU) countries. In partnership with our Latin American colleagues, we will adapt the EU protocols for content coding domestic movies and surveying young adolescents to test a novel hypothesis-that smoking by Latino characters in domestic films is more potent than in foreign produced films (in which characters are mostly non-Latino). Additionally, the team will assess the prevalence of adolescent ownership of tobacco branded merchandise (e.g., t-shirts and collectable packs) to determine if receptivity to these products acts in synergy with movie exposures. The aims of the study are to: 1) develop the capacity for researchers to track tobacco use and brand placement in the domestic film market (which accounts for about 10% of movies viewed in each country); 2) to develop the capacity for researchers to conduct longitudinal school-based surveys of adolescents to determine the importance of media and marketing risk factors in promoting smoking; and 3) to identify leverage points for policy development and for research dissemination efforts that aim to reduce media and marketing exposures. Aim 2 involves fielding a two-wave school-based survey of young adolescents (12 or 13 at baseline) in both countries, in which exposure is assessed to popular contemporary movies released in the past 10 years. The movie sample frame will be enriched with domestic movies, in order to test the domestic vs. foreign movie influence hypothesis. We will also assess the prevalence of ownership of tobacco branded merchandise, including the types of articles, the brand, and where it is displayed. We will determine whether the branded merchandise is being worn in the school setting and how often such articles are seen by others. Finally, we will conduct a diagnosis of the structure, financing and policy-making processes of the film industry in each country and analyze the results with a consultant who was instrumental in developing the Smoke Free Movies campaign, a successful campaign to reduce youth exposure to movies in the U.S. In combination with country-specific research results, these efforts aim to develop locally-relevant approaches for reducing youth exposure to tobacco content in films. Thus, this proposal addresses very significant risk factors for youth smoking in these countries and offers unique and innovative approaches to assessing such exposures, as well as the ability to test novel hypotheses about how race and ethnicity of movie characters and branded merchandise might modify the strength of the association between exposure to movie smoking and youth smoking.