Prenatal Cannabis & Cigarette Exposure - Outcome

描述(申请人提供)：1978年以来，一项纵向研究-- 渥太华产前前瞻性研究(OPPS)--一直在调查一种低风险 人口，大麻和怀孕期间使用的香烟的影响。这个 这一竞争性更新的总体目标是双重的，并利用 自那以后接受评估的老年保健计划受试者(20至23岁)的年龄 出生。我们将继续评估关注领域的年轻人 在较小的年龄受到产前大麻或香烟的影响并检查 婴儿和儿童早期测试的预测效度 影响的连续性超过二十年。拟议工作的第二个主旨 将检查与警察行动定期使用大麻有关的参数 后代，这种使用对认知表现的评估和一种 对长期停止正常使用可能产生的影响进行调查。 我们通过自我报告和尿液分析发现，大约有30人 16岁半至19岁的受试者中有1%的人吸食大麻。 至少每周一次，并且已经这样做了一年或更长时间。大致 这个年龄段的20%的人过去吸食过那么多大麻，但 已经戒烟至少六个月了。在这些过去和现在的用户中，超过一半 平均每周至少5个关节。通过在主体内部和主体之间使用 比较我们将解决这样的问题：是否有前药 非用户和未来用户之间的认知差异；是否存在 急性中毒后对认知能力的持续影响 当可能有药物残留在中枢神经系统或井中时 在这样的残留物被清除后。我们有独一无二的机会 第一次在相同的受试者中检查认知表现 在开始常规使用大麻之前、期间和之后 长时间停药。OPS样本的低风险性质，大量的 背景信息和纵向神经心理学数据跨越 婴儿期到年轻人允许检查大麻使用的两种病因学 以及对认知表现的影响，许多人都认为 研究人员认为这是务实的最佳方案。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Since 1978, a longitudinal study -- the Ottawa Prenatal Prospective Study (OPPS) -- has been investigating a low risk population, the effects of marihuana and cigarettes used during pregnancy. The general objectives of this competitive renewal are twofold and take advantage of the age of the OPPS subjects (20-23 years) who have been assessed since birth. We will continue to assess the young adults focusing upon the domains impacted by either prenatal marihuana or cigarettes at younger ages and examine the predictive validity of the infant and early childhood tests in terms of the continuity of effects over two decades. The second thrust of the proposed work will be to examine parameters related to regular marihuana use by the OPPS offspring, the evaluation of such use upon cognitive performance and an investigation of possible effects after prolonged cessation of regular usage. We have identified, via self-report and urinalysis, that approximately 30 percent of the OPPS 16 1/2 to 19 year old subjects are using marihuana on at least a weekly basis and have been doing so for a year or more. Approximately 20 percent in this age range have used marihuana to that extent in the past but have quit for at least six months. Among these past and present users over half averaged at least 5 joints per week. By using both within and between subject comparisons we will address such question as: whether there are predrug cognitive differences between non-users and future users; whether there is an impact upon cognitive performance that persists beyond the acute intoxication phase either while there may be a drug residue lingering in the CNS or well after such a residue has been cleared. We have the unique opportunity to examine, for the first time within the same subjects, cognitive performance before the initiation of regular marihuana use, during such use and after prolonged cessation. The low-risk nature of the OPPS sample, the vast array of background information, and the longitudinal neuropsychological data spanning infancy to young permits an examination of both the etiology of marihuana use and the consequences on cognitive performance in a manner identified by many researchers as being the pragmatically optimal protocol.