PRENATAL CANNABIS AND CIGARETTE CONSEQUENCES

自1978年以来，一项纵向研究调查了大麻的影响 怀孕期间使用的香烟一直在进行中。整体而言 渥太华产前前瞻性研究(OPPS)的目的是检查 这些药物对怀孕、新生儿和儿童的影响。这个 这次竞争性更新的总体目标是确定 观察到特殊的发育后遗症和行为障碍 在新生儿、婴儿和幼儿中，有统计学意义 以不同的方式与产前大麻和 吸烟持续存在于0岁半至11个月大的儿童中，并 通过深入的神经行为评估，是否有更大程度的 功能障碍的特异性可以被识别。此外，由于 这一观点的纵向性质，预测的有效性 可以检查婴儿和儿童早期测试，也可以检查其连续性 随着年龄的增长产生的影响。 神经行为电池将专注于那些我们 已经确定对有问题的药物很脆弱。尤其是 评估将包括对语言和听觉的检查 阅读加工(包括视觉和听觉 部件)、视觉和非视觉感知、运动任务、记忆任务、 推理能力、智力、学术准备、冲动 持续的注意力、心理状态和行为(由 家长、老师和考官)。材料变量(例如，健康、 营养、生育、教育、年龄、其他药物、智力、 个性)和出生后的环境变量(例如家庭 环境，二手烟[使用尿液分析和问卷调查]， 和就学经历)将包括在多变量统计中 分析。 OPS是唯一一部公布大麻使用者数据的作品 超过童年早期的后代，是最全面的 纵向检查吸烟者的学龄儿童。 对大约10岁的儿童进行测试尤其是 关键是识别出细微的学习困难是最重要的 当复杂的行为需要集中注意力时，很可能会表现出来 注意力和认知技能，通常出现在这个阶段 发展，可以深入考察。

Since 1978, a longitudinal study investigating the effects of marihuana and cigarettes used during pregnancy has been underway. The overall purpose of this Ottawa Prenatal Prospective Study (OPPS) is to examine the effects of these drugs on pregnancy, the neonate and the child. The general objective of this competitive renewal is to determine whether particular developmental sequelae and behavioral difficulties observed in the newborn, infant, and young child that are statistically associated, in a differential fashion, with prenatal marihuana and cigarette exposure persist in the o 1/2 to 11 year 11 month old child and whether, by an in depth neurobehavioural assessment, a greater degree of specificity of dysfunction can be identified. Additionally, because of the longitudinal nature of this OPPS, the predictive validity of the infant and early childhood tests can be examined as can the continuity of effects over age. The neurobehavioural battery will focus upon those behaviors which we have identified to be vulnerable to the drugs in question. In Particular the assessment will include an examination of language and auditory processing, aspects of reading (including visual and auditory components), visual and non-visual perception, motor tasks, memory tasks, reasoning ability, intelligence, academic readiness, impulsivity sustained attention, psychological status and behavior (as assessed by the parent, teacher and examiner). Material variables (e.g. health, nutrition, parity, education, age, other drugs, intelligence, personality) and postnatal, environmental variables (e.g. home environment, second hand smoke [using urine analysis and questionnaires], and schooling experience) will be included in multivariate statistical analysis. The OPPS is the only work to have published data on marihuana users' offspring beyond a very early childhood and is the most comprehensive longitudinal work examining school age children of cigarette smokers. The testing of children at approximately 10 years of age is particularly critical as the identification of subtle learning difficulties is most likely to manifest themselves when complex behaviors requiring focused attention and cognitive skills, normally present at this stage of development, can be examined in depth.