Cortical mechanisms in speech perception: MEG studies

言语感知中的皮层机制：MEG 研究

• 批准号: 6513951
• 负责人: DAVID E POEPPEL
• 金额: $ 46.8万
• 依托单位: UNIV OF MARYLAND, COLLEGE PARK
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2002
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2002-08-01 至 2007-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6513951
• 关键词: adolescence (12-20); auditory stimulus; biomagnetism; brain interhemispheric activity; clinical research; direct cortical response; electroencephalography; frontal lobe /cortex; hemodynamics; human middle age (35-64); human subject; magnetoencephalography; neural information processing; neuroanatomy; neurophysiology; parietal lobe /cortex; sound perception; speech recognition; temporal lobe /cortex; time resolved data; young adult human (21-34)

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The research program developed in the proposal aims to understand how auditory cognition, in general, and speech perception, in particular, is mediated by cortical structures. Two broad questions are addressed. First, what is the functional neuroanatomy of speech sound processing? Second, are there cortical time-based mechanisms that provide a logistical basis for the analysis of auditory signals? These two questions are addressed in a series of magnetoencephalography (MEG) studies. Both research goals build on recent findings, primarily from neuroscience and cognitive neuroscience that suggest a new perspective on the functional anatomy and physiology of speech sound processing. Results from hemodynamic imaging studies (PET, fMRI) as well as electromagnetic recording techniques (EEG, MEG) show that the functional neuroanatomy of speech perception (i) is more bilaterally organized than previously assumed and (ii) that auditory areas in the temporal lobe play a core role, but that parietal and frontal areas are critically implicated in specific aspects of speech sound processing as well. Furthermore, neurophysiological results, both at the single-unit and systems levels, point to the importance of timing mechanisms in the representation and processing of auditory signals. Because MEG is a non-invasive recording technique that has the necessary temporal resolution (ms) to study neurophysiological timing phenomena and can also localize the activity in a useful anatomic context, it is the appropriate tool to address both broader questions.

描述（由申请人提供）：在提案中开发的研究项目旨在了解听觉认知，一般来说，尤其是言语感知，是如何由皮层结构介导的。这里讨论了两个广泛的问题。首先，什么是语音处理的功能神经解剖学？第二，大脑皮层是否存在基于时间的机制，为听觉信号的分析提供逻辑基础？这两个问题在一系列脑磁图（MEG）研究中得到了解决。