Epidemiology of CHD of Men Aged 40+

描述（由申请人提供）：在第二次世界大战（WWII）后出生在包括日本在内的非西方国家的年轻人中，生活方式发生了重大变化。来自日本国家抽样调查的数据清楚地表明，在二战后的队列中，冠心病（CHD）的危险因素特征与美国（US）非常相似。日本的男性吸烟率确实高得多，美国的男性肥胖率更高。然而，日本男性的CHD死亡率仍然不到美国的一半。仔细审查死亡率统计数据证实了这一点。这种差别在工业化国家中仍然是独一无二的。研究者建议检验零假设，即在日本的日本男性、在夏威夷的日裔美国男性以及在二战后出生的美国白色和黑人男性中，动脉粥样硬化的程度没有差异。该项目将基于最近和正在进行的INTERMAP、INTERLIPID和檀香山心脏项目研究中的日本/美国成功合作，包括开发第一个标准化的美国/日本饮食表。我们将检查从宾夕法尼亚州阿勒格尼县随机选择的300名40-49岁的白色男性和100名黑人男性，从檀香山心脏计划队列成员的后代招募的300名40-49岁的日裔美国男性，以及从日本草津市随机选择的300名40-49岁的日本男性。日本的招聘和考试已经在日本得到了支持。将评估和比较动脉粥样硬化的程度和冠心病的危险因素概况，以及特定危险因素与动脉粥样硬化指标的关系。亚临床疾病的指标包括电子束计算机断层扫描（EBCT）测量的冠状动脉和主动脉钙化积分和超声测量的颈动脉内膜厚度。其他建议的测量包括通过食物频率问卷的饮食摄入、总胆固醇、LDLc、HDLc、通过NMR光谱法的脂质、血压、吸烟、硫氰酸盐、ω-3脂肪酸、饮酒、体重指数（BMI）、腹内脂肪等。更好地了解日本发病率低的原因可能有助于我们找到预防所有人群CHD的新方法。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Substantial change toward a more Westernized lifestyle has taken place among younger individuals who were born after World War II (WWII) in non-Western countries including Japan. Data from national sample surveys in Japan clearly demonstrate that risk factor profiles for coronary heart disease (CHD) are very similar to those in the United States (US) in this post WWII cohort. Men in Japan do have a considerably higher prevalence of cigarette smoking and men in the US have a higher prevalence of obesity. CHD mortality among men in Japan is, however, still less than a half of that in the US. Careful review of mortality statistics confirms this. This difference remains unique among industrialized countries. The investigators propose to test the null hypothesis that there are no differences in the extent of atherosclerosis among Japanese men in Japan, Japanese American men in Hawaii, and US white and black men in this post WWII birth cohort. This project will be based on recent and ongoing successful Japan/US collaborations in the INTERMAP, INTERLIPID and Honolulu Heart Program studies including development of the first standardized US/Japan diet tables. We will examine 300 white men and 100 black men aged 40-49, randomly selected from Allegheny County, PA, 300 Japanese American men aged 40-49 from the population-based sample recruited from the offspring of the members of the Honolulu Heart Program cohort, and 300 Japanese men aged 40-49, randomly selected from Kusatsu City, Japan. The Japanese recruitment and examination has already been supported in Japan. The extent of atherosclerosis and risk factor profiles for CHD will be evaluated and compared, as well as the relationship of specific risk factors to the measures of atherosclerosis. The measures of subclinical disease proposed include calcium scores of coronary artery and aorta measured by electron beam computed tomography (EBCT) and carotid intima thickness measured by ultrasound. Other proposed measures include dietary intake by food frequency questionnaire, total cholesterol, LDLc, HDLc, lipids by NMR spectroscopy, blood pressure, cigarette smoking, thiocyanate, omega-3 fatty acid, alcohol consumption, body mass index (BMI), intra-abdominal fat, and others. Better understanding the reasons for the low Japanese rates may help us find new methods for prevention of CHD in all populations.