The Natural History and Consequences of Ecstasy Use

使用摇头丸的自然历史和后果

• 批准号: 6751642
• 负责人: AMELIA M ARRIA
• 金额: $ 60.94万
• 依托单位: UNIV OF MARYLAND, COLLEGE PARK
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2003
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2003-06-01 至 2008-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6751642
• 关键词: 3,4 methylenedioxymethamphetamine; Cannabis; academic achievement; adolescence (12-20); anxiety; behavior prediction; behavioral /social science research tag; clinical research; cocaine; depression; drug abuse; human subject; interview; longitudinal human study; psychopharmacology; questionnaires; sex behavior; social psychology; substance abuse epidemiology; substance abuse related behavior; university student

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Ecstasy (MDMA) use has increased sharply among youth in both the US and worldwide. Although the medical literature is replete with studies documenting serious physical consequences associated with ecstasy, little is known about the natural history of ecstasy use and its effects on behavior and mental health. The goal of the proposed research is to contribute critically needed epidemiologic information about the risk factors for becoming an ecstasy user, the patterns of ecstasy use, and its longer-term consequences. The study will also have broader implications for the description and prediction of illicit drug use patterns in general among college students. A longitudinal prospective study of a large sample of college students at the University of Maryland, College Park, a major public University with a diverse student body, will be conducted. The three specific aims of the project are to: 1) identify the predictors of onset of ecstasy use; 2) characterize ecstasy use patterns and develop models to better understand changes in ecstasy use; and 3) describe and predict the consequences of ecstasy use, among college students. A two-stage procedure will be used to recruit students into the study. First, a screening instrument will be administered to all incoming freshman via cooperation with the University's Orientation Office. Second, based on information from the screening, we will recruit 18-19 year old students who fall into three groups and will be eligible for longitudinal follow-up: 1) A "high-risk sample" of non-users of ecstasy at baseline who have used marijuana (Specific Aim# 1); 2) "Prevalent" cases, ecstasy users at baseline, who, in conjunction with incident ecstasy users from Specific Aim# 1 will comprise the sample to study ecstasy use patterns (Specific Aim# 2), and, 3) A "low-risk" sample of non-users of both marijuana and ecstasy at baseline, primarily for comparative purposes for Specific Aim # 3. These students will be assessed annually for three years with a face-to-face interview and semi-annually with mail-in questionnaires. Risk factors that are hypothesized to be related to the initiation of ecstasy use and changes in the pattern of use include family factors (e.g. family history and quality of relationships), social influences (e.g., peer influences, attendance at "raves"), personal characteristics (i.e., behavioral dysreguhtion/sensation-seeking), contextual variables and drug use history. The classes of consequences to be studied in the sample over time are: 1) alcohol and other drug dependence; 2) high risk sexual activity; 3) academic performance; and 4) mental health problems (i.e., anxiety and depression). This study will complement research about the neurobiological mechanisms of risks and consequences of ecstasy use, add to the existing body of knowledge on college drug use, and have important implications for the identification of persons at high risk for ecstasy use and those in need of prevention and early intervention services.

描述（由申请人提供）：摇头丸（MDMA）的使用在美国和世界各地的青年中急剧增加。虽然医学文献中充满了与摇头丸相关的严重身体后果的研究，但对摇头丸使用的自然历史及其对行为和心理健康的影响知之甚少。拟议研究的目标是提供急需的流行病学信息，包括成为摇头丸使用者的风险因素、摇头丸使用模式及其长期后果。这项研究还将对描述和预测大学生中非法药物使用的一般模式产生更广泛的影响。将对马里兰州大学帕克分校的大样本大学生进行纵向前瞻性研究，该大学是一所拥有多元化学生群体的主要公立大学。该项目的三个具体目标是：1）确定摇头丸使用开始的预测因素; 2）描述摇头丸使用模式的特点并开发模型，以更好地了解摇头丸使用的变化; 3）描述和预测大学生中摇头丸使用的后果。将采用两阶段程序招募学生参加研究。首先，将通过与大学迎新办公室的合作，对所有新生进行筛选。第二，根据筛选信息，我们将招募18-19岁的学生，他们分为三组，并有资格进行纵向随访：1）基线时未使用摇头丸但使用大麻的“高危样本”（具体目标1）; 2）“普遍”病例，基线时的摇头丸使用者，结合具体目标1中的摇头丸使用者事件，（具体目标2），和，3）在基线时大麻和摇头丸的非使用者的“低风险”样本，主要用于具体目标3的比较目的。这些学生将在三年内每年接受一次面对面的面试，每半年接受一次邮寄问卷。据推测，与开始使用摇头丸和使用模式变化有关的风险因素包括家庭因素（如家族史和关系质量）、社会影响（如，同伴影响，参加“锐舞”），个人特征（即，行为调节障碍/感觉寻求）、背景变量和药物使用史。随着时间的推移，样本中要研究的后果类别是：1）酒精和其他药物依赖; 2）高风险性活动; 3）学习成绩; 4）心理健康问题（即，焦虑和抑郁）。这项研究将补充关于摇头丸使用风险和后果的神经生物学机制的研究，增加关于大学吸毒的现有知识，并对确定摇头丸使用高风险人群和需要预防和早期干预服务的人群具有重要意义。