The Natural History and Consequences of Ecstasy Use

使用摇头丸的自然历史和后果

• 批准号: 7241526
• 负责人: AMELIA M ARRIA
• 金额: $ 36.03万
• 依托单位: UNIV OF MARYLAND, COLLEGE PARK
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2003
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2003-06-01 至 2008-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7241526
• 关键词: 19 year old; Acute; Adolescent Development; Age-Years; Alcohol or Other Drugs use; Anxiety; Behavior; Behavioral; Belief; Characteristics; Class; Classification; Cocaine; Complement; Dependence; Development; Disadvantaged; Drug abuse; Drug usage; Early Intervention; Environment; Esthesia; Ethnography; Family; Family history of; Future; Goals; Household; Illicit Drugs; Individual; Interview; Knowledge; Literature; Longitudinal Studies; Mails; Marijuana; Maryland; Measures; Medical; Mental Depression; Mental Health; Modeling; Monitor; National Institute of Drug Abuse; Natural History; Pattern; Perception; Performance; Persons; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Population; Predictive Factor; Prevention; Preventive; Problem behavior; Procedures; Prospective Studies; Publishing; Purpose; Questionnaires; Rate; Recording of previous events; Recruitment Activity; Reporting; Research; Research Personnel; Risk; Risk Factors; Sampling; Screening procedure; Services; Social Interaction; Staging; Students; Substance Addiction; Surveys; Time; United States; United States Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration; Universities; Work; Youth; alcohol and other drug; alcohol exposure; base; club drug; college; comparative; design; deviant; ecstasy; experience; falls; follow-up; high risk sexual behavior; instrument; neurobiological mechanism; neurotoxic; peer influence; social; university student

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Ecstasy (MDMA) use has increased sharply among youth in both the US and worldwide. Although the medical literature is replete with studies documenting serious physical consequences associated with ecstasy, little is known about the natural history of ecstasy use and its effects on behavior and mental health. The goal of the proposed research is to contribute critically needed epidemiologic information about the risk factors for becoming an ecstasy user, the patterns of ecstasy use, and its longer-term consequences. The study will also have broader implications for the description and prediction of illicit drug use patterns in general among college students. A longitudinal prospective study of a large sample of college students at the University of Maryland, College Park, a major public University with a diverse student body, will be conducted. The three specific aims of the project are to: 1) identify the predictors of onset of ecstasy use; 2) characterize ecstasy use patterns and develop models to better understand changes in ecstasy use; and 3) describe and predict the consequences of ecstasy use, among college students. A two-stage procedure will be used to recruit students into the study. First, a screening instrument will be administered to all incoming freshman via cooperation with the University's Orientation Office. Second, based on information from the screening, we will recruit 18-19 year old students who fall into three groups and will be eligible for longitudinal follow-up: 1) A "high-risk sample" of non-users of ecstasy at baseline who have used marijuana (Specific Aim# 1); 2) "Prevalent" cases, ecstasy users at baseline, who, in conjunction with incident ecstasy users from Specific Aim# 1 will comprise the sample to study ecstasy use patterns (Specific Aim# 2), and, 3) A "low-risk" sample of non-users of both marijuana and ecstasy at baseline, primarily for comparative purposes for Specific Aim # 3. These students will be assessed annually for three years with a face-to-face interview and semi-annually with mail-in questionnaires. Risk factors that are hypothesized to be related to the initiation of ecstasy use and changes in the pattern of use include family factors (e.g. family history and quality of relationships), social influences (e.g., peer influences, attendance at "raves"), personal characteristics (i.e., behavioral dysreguhtion/sensation-seeking), contextual variables and drug use history. The classes of consequences to be studied in the sample over time are: 1) alcohol and other drug dependence; 2) high risk sexual activity; 3) academic performance; and 4) mental health problems (i.e., anxiety and depression). This study will complement research about the neurobiological mechanisms of risks and consequences of ecstasy use, add to the existing body of knowledge on college drug use, and have important implications for the identification of persons at high risk for ecstasy use and those in need of prevention and early intervention services.

描述（由申请人提供）：美国和世界各地的青少年使用摇头丸（MDMA）的人数急剧增加。尽管医学文献中充斥着记录与摇头丸相关的严重身体后果的研究，但人们对摇头丸使用的自然史及其对行为和心理健康的影响知之甚少。拟议研究的目标是提供急需的流行病学信息，涉及成为摇头丸使用者的风险因素、摇头丸使用模式及其长期后果。这项研究还将对大学生中非法药物使用模式的描述和预测产生更广泛的影响。将对马里兰大学帕克分校（一所拥有多元化学生群体的主要公立大学）的大量大学生样本进行纵向前瞻性研究。该项目的三个具体目标是： 1) 确定摇头丸使用开始的预测因素； 2) 描述摇头丸使用模式的特征并开发模型，以更好地了解摇头丸使用的变化； 3) 描述和预测大学生使用摇头丸的后果。将采用两阶段程序招募学生参与研究。首先，将与大学迎新办公室合作，为所有新生提供筛查工具。其次，根据筛选信息，我们将招募 18-19 岁的学生，将他们分为三组，并有资格进行纵向随访： 1) 基线时未吸食摇头丸、吸食过大麻的“高风险样本”（具体目标#1）； 2) “普遍”病例，基线时的摇头丸使用者，与特定目标 # 1 中的摇头丸使用者一起构成研究摇头丸使用模式的样本（特定目标 # 2），以及 3) 基线时未吸食大麻和摇头丸的“低风险”样本，主要用于特定目标 # 3 的比较目的。这些学生将在三年内每年接受一次面对面访谈的评估和 每半年进行一次邮寄调查问卷。假设与开始使用摇头丸和使用模式改变有关的风险因素包括家庭因素（例如家族史和关系质量）、社会影响（例如同伴影响、参加“狂欢”）、个人特征（即行为失调/寻求感觉）、背景变量和吸毒史。随着时间的推移，要在样本中研究的后果类别为： 1) 酒精和其他药物依赖； 2）高风险性活动； 3）学习成绩； 4) 心理健康问题（即焦虑和抑郁）。这项研究将补充关于使用摇头丸的风险和后果的神经生物学机制的研究，补充关于大学药物使用的现有知识体系，并对识别摇头丸使用高风险人群以及需要预防和早期干预服务的人群具有重要意义。