Context Violation in Depression

抑郁症中的语境违规

• 批准号: 6969600
• 负责人: PHAN LUU
• 金额: $ 24.31万
• 依托单位: ELECTRICAL GEODESICS, INC.
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2005
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2005-09-01 至 2008-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6969600
• 关键词: bias; bioimaging /biomedical imaging; brain imaging /visualization /scanning; brain mapping; clinical depression; clinical research; coping; electroencephalography; emotions; expectancy; human subject; learning; negative reinforcements; patient oriented research; perceptual distortions; performance

Although modern neuroimaging studies have further our understanding of depression by identifying the key corticolimbic structures involved in depression, a gap remains in our understanding of how these biological findings translate to the observed negative appraisal biases shown to be associated with depression. In this application we propose to clarify the neurophysiological mechanisms underlying negative cognitive biases. We start with an operational definition of expectancy violation and we detail how these violations are measured electrophysiologically. A model, derived from the animal learning and human action monitoring literatures, is proposed in which affective evaluation of expectancy violations can be used to understand cognitive biases associated with depression. This model is fundamentally a model of self-regulation that emphasizes regulatory processes such as context updating and evaluation of expectancy violations in the process of learning. It is the intrinsic biases associated with evaluation of expectancy violations that can be used to understand the depressed person's cognitive biases. The aims of the present proposal build upon our current work, which relates the neural mechanisms of context and action evaluation to depression. We propose to study the relation between electrophysiological measures of expectancy violations and depression severity and their effects on learning. We also propose to study the consequence of successful therapy on cognitive biases associated with depression, as indexed by electrophysiological measures. Additionally, we propose to study how the depressive symptoms, major dimensions of negative and positive cognitive biases, and coping dimensions associated with depression map onto the corticolimbic structures underlying evaluative appraisals of expectancy violations. Successful completion of the proposed work will produce some of the first evidence relating well recognized biases of depression, which are the targets of cognitive-behavioral therapy, with neural mechanisms underlying self-regulatory processes. The results will also have implications for understanding treatment failures and successes, and for dealing with what may be a lawful set of relations between depression severity, evaluative biases, and engagement versus disengagement of negative feedback from the environment.

尽管现代神经影像研究通过确定与抑郁症有关的关键皮质边缘结构，进一步加深了我们对抑郁症的理解，但我们对这些生物学发现如何转化为观察到的与抑郁症相关的负面评估偏差的理解仍然存在差距。在这项应用中，我们建议阐明负面认知偏差背后的神经生理学机制。我们从预期违规的操作定义开始，并详细说明这些违规是如何通过电生理学来测量的。从动物学习和人类行为监测文献中提出了一个模型，在该模型中，对违反期望的情感评估可以用来理解与抑郁相关的认知偏差。这一模式从根本上讲是一种自律模式，强调对学习过程中违反预期的行为进行背景更新和评估等监管过程。这是与评估违反预期有关的内在偏见，可以用来理解抑郁症患者的认知偏差。本提案的目的建立在我们目前的工作基础上，该工作将背景和行动评估的神经机制与抑郁症联系起来。我们建议研究违反预期的电生理测量与抑郁严重程度之间的关系及其对学习的影响。我们还建议研究成功的治疗对与抑郁症相关的认知偏差的影响，以电生理指标为指标。此外，我们建议研究抑郁症状、消极和积极认知偏差的主要维度以及与抑郁相关的应对维度如何映射到评估预期违规行为的皮质边缘结构。这项拟议工作的成功完成将产生一些首批证据，将公认的抑郁症偏见与自我调节过程背后的神经机制联系起来。抑郁症是认知行为疗法的目标。这些结果还将对理解治疗的失败和成功，以及处理抑郁症严重程度、评估偏差、参与与脱离环境负面反馈之间的一组合法关系也有影响。