Dietary Patterns and Breast Density in Minnesota Women

描述（由申请人提供）：尽管流行病学研究的结果不一致，但人们对饮食改变作为预防乳腺癌手段的兴趣仍然存在。然而，之前的研究主要集中在单一营养素上；他们没有解决整体饮食或饮食模式是否会影响乳腺癌风险这一更广泛的问题，主要是因为在定义和衡量饮食模式方面存在概念和方法上的困难。这项拟议中的研究将检验明尼苏达州乳腺癌家族队列参与者的饮食模式和乳房密度之间的关系。具体目标是：(1)对队列中的饮食模式摄入进行详细表征；(2)检查饮食模式与乳腺密度的关联，另外探索特定饮食成分（如饱和脂肪）的作用，并评估饮食模式与乳腺密度的关联是否因乳腺癌家族史而异。这项分析将包括1990年参加明尼苏达大学1944-52年乳腺癌家庭研究的妇女。参与者是在原始家庭研究中确定的乳腺癌先证者的一级或二级亲属，或先证者的男性一级或二级亲属的配偶。主成分分析将用于确定3600名妇女的食物摄入模式，这些妇女完成了一份包含153个项目的食物频率问卷。将评估膳食模式的信度和效度。饮食模式与乳腺密度的关系将在大约1875名40岁的妇女中进行检查，这些妇女也提供了最近的乳房x光检查。将对癌症家族史进行重复分层分析，家族史评估有三种方式，基于与原始乳腺癌先证者的关系数量，反映任何癌症家族史和发病年龄的家族风险评分，以及表明癌症遗传的家族史标准。额外的分析将比较基于主成分分析的测量方法与测量饮食模式的替代方法。拟议的研究将探索饮食模式和乳房密度使用详细的方法，以确保可靠和有效的测量饮食模式的摄入量。研究结果将对改变饮食习惯产生影响，从而降低患乳腺癌的一般和高危妇女的风险。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Interest in diet modification as a means of preventing breast cancer persists despite inconsistent results of epidemiologic studies. Previous studies, however, have focused primarily on single nutrients; they have not addressed the broader issue of whether overall diet or dietary patterns affect breast cancer risk, largely because of conceptual and methodological difficulties in defining and measuring dietary patterns. The proposed research will examine the association between dietary patterns and breast density among participants in the Minnesota Breast Cancer Family Cohort. Specific aims are to: (1) conduct a detailed characterization of dietary pattern intake in the cohort, and (2) examine associations dietary pattern-breast density associations, additionally exploring the role of specific dietary components such as saturated fat, and assessing whether dietary pattern-breast density associations differ by family history of breast cancer. The analysis will include women enrolled in the 1990 follow-up to a 1944-52 family study of breast cancer at the University of Minnesota. Participants were 1st- or 2nd degree relatives of breast cancer probands identified in the original family study, or spouses of male 1st or 2nd-degree relatives of the probands. Principal components analysis will be used to identify food intake patterns in 3,600 women who completed a 153-item food frequency questionnaire. Dietary pattern reliability and validity will be evaluated. Dietary pattern-breast density associations will be examined in approximately 1,875 women >=40 years of age who also provided a recent mammogram. Analyses will be repeated stratifying on family history of cancer, with family history assessed three ways, based on number of relationship to original breast cancer proband, a familial risk score reflecting family history of any cancer and ages at onset, and family history criteria indicating hereditary transmission of cancer. Additional analyses will compare principal components analysis-based measures with alternative methods for measuring dietary patterns. The proposed study will explore dietary patterns and breast density using detailed methods to insure reliable and valid measurement of dietary pattern intake. Findings will have implications for dietary change as a means of reducing breast cancer risk in women at average and at high risk for the disease.