Ultrafine nanoparticles from decarbonised transport platforms: Reconstructing the analytical puzzle

几十年来，人们一直在描述空气污染和呼吸系统疾病之间的联系，毒性被认为与较小颗粒的较高表面积有关。因此，亚23纳米粒子(~lt；23NPs)的发射正日益成为一个需要解决的主要问题。虽然预计到2035年，包括混合动力车在内的传统轿车和面包车的销售将停止，但重型货车(HGV)和船舶推进系统在变化速度方面面临几个限制因素。用于重型车辆和海洋运输的脱碳推进系统已被提议为合理可行的选择，但这些选择可能会将纳米颗粒排放推向这些微小的尺寸。该项目的重点是未来的排放标准，特别是小于23纳米的颗粒物，低于当前法规的限制。为未来的交通方案选择可行的替代方案，需要了解它们对核动力源排放的贡献。计划中的实验工作侧重于提高对不同运行条件下现象的基本理解，燃料和润滑剂是未来推进系统中用来移动人员和货物的典型物质。将使用由EP/T025522/1资助的用于海洋应用的脱碳(氨/甲烷、氢气)平台。将研究可再生液体和气体燃料以及发动机油配方的变化及其对超细颗粒的影响。亚23纳米颗粒的浓度和颗粒大小的分布将与化学成分、结构和形态交叉参考，以填补知识空白，特别是在理解它们的形成和老化机制方面。在诺丁汉纳米和微米研究中心(NMRC)进行的透射电子显微镜(TEM)是对多方面诊断方法的补充，该方法将被开发用于重建超细纳米颗粒的组成和性质的分析难题。由我们的工业合作伙伴路博润提供的新型润滑油配方和燃料添加剂将有助于了解化学配方对低于23NP排放的影响。总体而言，该项目旨在利用先进的表征工具收集关于碳烟纳米颗粒形成的见解。申请者与诺丁汉大学NMRC合作开发了煤烟样品的高分辨率透射电子显微镜(HRTEM)和三维电子断层扫描(3DTEM)。

An association between air pollution and respiratory disease has been described for decades, with toxicity seen to be related to the higher surface area of smaller particles. Emission of sub 23 nm particles (<23NPs) is therefore increasingly being realised as a major problem to tackle. While an end to the sale of conventional cars and vans, including hybrids, is predicted by 2035, heavy goods vehicles (HGV) and marine propulsion face several limiting factors on their speed of change. Decarbonised propulsion systems for heavy-duty vehicles and marine transport have been proposed as sensible viable options, but these are likely to push nanoparticle emissions towards these tiniest sizes. The project focus is towards future emission standards, particularly particles smaller than 23 nm, below the limit of current regulations. Selection of feasible alternatives for future transport scenarios requires understanding their contribution to <23NPs emissions. The experimental work planned focuses on improving a fundamental understanding of phenomena under varied operating conditions, fuels, and lubricants representative of those used in future propulsion systems to move people and goods. A decarbonised (Ammonia/Methane, Hydrogen) platform for marine applications funded through EP/T025522/1 will be used. Renewable liquid and gaseous fuels and engine oil formulation changes and their effects on ultrafine particles will be investigated. Concentrations of sub-23 nm particles and the distribution of particle sizes will be cross-referenced with chemical composition, structure, and morphology to fill the knowledge gap, especially in terms of understanding their formation and aging mechanisms. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), performed at the nanoscale and microscale Research Centre in Nottingham (nmRC), complements the multi-faceted diagnostic approach which will be developed to reconstruct the analytical puzzle of the composition and nature of the ultrafine nanoparticles. New lubricant oil formulations and fuel additives, provided by our industrial partner Lubrizol, will help to understand the impact of chemical formulation on sub-23NP emissions. Overall, the project aims to gather insights on soot nanoparticle formation using advanced characterisation tools. High resolution TEM (HRTEM) and 3D electron tomography (3DTEM) of soot samples has been developed by the applicant in collaboration with the nmRC at Nottingham University.