Econometric Study of Schooling, Information, and Smoking

学校教育、信息和吸烟的计量经济学研究

• 批准号: 7232375
• 负责人: Donald S. Kenkel
• 金额: $ 27.5万
• 依托单位: CORNELL UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2006
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2006-05-10 至 2009-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7232375
• 关键词: Adolescence; Adopted; Behavior; Case Study; Data; Data Analyses; Data Set; Decision Making; Development; Dropout; Econometric Models; Education; Empirical Research; Environment; Geographic Locations; Health; Health Hazards; Income; Individual; Knowledge; Laws; Life Cycle Stages; Light; Link; Longitudinal Studies; Longitudinal Surveys; Measures; Methods; Multiple Birth Offspring; National Health Interview Survey; Nature; Outcome; Pathway interactions; Policies; Range; Recording of previous events; Reporting; Research; Respondent; Sampling; Schools; Shock; Smoke; Smoker; Smoking; Smoking Behavior; Smoking History; Smoking and Health Research; Surgeon; Surveys; Testing; Time; Tobacco use; United States; Variant; Woman; Youth; cohort; college; high school; innovation; older men; population survey; school health; smoking cessation; trend

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): We propose to investigate the relationship between schooling and smoking behaviors as a case study to shed light on more general questions about the links between schooling and health. One causal pathway is through health information, where general schooling helps consumers respond to new information about the health consequences of behaviors such as smoking. Alternatively, the association between schooling and health may not be causal, but may instead reflect hard-to-observe differences between people with different levels of schooling. In Study 1 we econometrically analyze data on individual life-course smoking histories that span the period from the 1920s through the end of the 20th century. Study 1 will examine Hypothesis 1: The link between schooling and smoking initiation in multiple birth cohorts depends on the smoking health information available during adolescence and early adulthood. Major innovations will be to examine Hypothesis 2: The link between schooling and smoking cessation in multiple birth cohorts depends on the smoking health information available later in the life course when cessation decisions are made; and Hypothesis 3: The relationship between schooling and smoking cessation will be the strongest in the cohorts who initiated smoking before the spread of smoking health information. Study 2 will use the instrumental variables (IV) method to identify the causal impact of schooling on smoking initiation and cessation. There is substantial variation across states and over time in educational policies that provides natural or quasi-experimental variation in completed schooling outcomes. The state-level policy variables will be used as IVs for schooling to test Hypothesis 4: Completed schooling has a causal impact to reduce smoking initiation and increase smoking cessation. Our application of the IV method carefully considers whether the proposed IVs (a) can be excluded as direct determinants of the smoking outcomes; and (b) have sufficient explanatory power as determinants of schooling.

描述（由申请人提供）：我们建议调查学校教育和吸烟行为之间的关系，作为一个案例研究，以阐明更普遍的问题，学校教育和健康之间的联系。一个因果途径是通过健康信息，其中一般学校教育帮助消费者对有关吸烟等行为的健康后果的新信息做出反应。或者，教育和健康之间的联系可能不是因果关系，而是反映了不同教育水平的人之间难以观察的差异。在研究1中，我们对从20世纪20年代到世纪末的个人一生吸烟史进行了计量经济学分析。研究1将检验假设1：在多胎生育队列中，学校教育和吸烟开始之间的联系取决于青少年和成年早期的吸烟健康信息。主要创新将是检查 假设二：在多胎生育队列中，学校教育与戒烟之间的联系取决于在做出戒烟决定时的生命历程后期提供的吸烟健康信息;假设3：在吸烟健康信息传播之前开始吸烟的队列中，学校教育与戒烟之间的关系最强。研究2将使用工具变量（IV）方法来确定学校教育对开始吸烟的因果影响， 停止各州之间以及随着时间的推移，教育政策存在很大差异，这为完成的学校教育成果提供了自然或准实验差异。州一级的政策变量将被用来作为IV的学校教育，以测试假设4：完成学校教育有因果关系的影响，以减少吸烟开始和增加戒烟。我们在应用IV方法时仔细考虑了拟议的IV（a）是否可以被排除作为吸烟结果的直接决定因素;（B）是否具有足够的解释力作为受教育的决定因素。