Trauma, Trauma Sequelae, and Substance Use in College

描述(由申请者提供)：文献显示，相当多的年轻人在进入大学时报告了创伤暴露和相关的创伤应激后遗症。其他学生在大学期间将暴露在创伤和由此产生的后遗症中。流行病学和临床文献已将创伤、创伤应激后遗症(TSS)和物质使用(SUB)的病因和病程联系起来。这种联系可以从社会学习(SLT)框架中理解，该框架将物质使用视为应对与持续的创伤后遗症相关的心理痛苦的努力。此外，第二语言学习理论认为，这些现象是相互关联的，并受到个人和环境因素的影响。尽管在大学生群体中创伤、TSS和SUB的发生率很高，但令人奇怪的是，在经验性文献中，没有对这些联系和影响大学生课程的因素进行理论指导的前瞻性检查。本研究旨在为大学生创伤应激后遗症与酒精、非法药物和烟草使用的动态过程提供理论指导的调查。网上调查数据第一年分6波采集，以后每年分4波采集。数据将在两所公立大学收集。纽约州立大学布法罗分校和北卡罗来纳州立大学格林斯伯勒分校的学生将在入学前的夏天通过电子邮件联系，并将通过基于网络的调查来筛查创伤暴露和创伤应激后遗症。在这项筛选的基础上，1,004名(TSS和非TSS)学生将被选为跟进对象。利用网络技术，学生将在大学每年秋季学期首先接受调查，并在每年的研究中接受多次评估。将使用潜在生长曲线模型来检验创伤、TSS和物质使用轨迹之间的前瞻性关联。中介变量(自我效能)和调节变量(性别、应对、社会影响)将根据社会学习理论和其他相关理论框架进行测试。此外，还将研究创伤和TSS对大学辍学率的影响。本研究将有助于形成对TSS-SUB关联的理解，并为针对大学生开展有针对性的物质使用干预提供参考。研究结果还将为大学管理者提供有关学生流失和留住的有价值的信息。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The literature shows that a significant number of young adults report trauma exposure and associated traumatic stress sequelae by the time they enter into college. Other students will be exposed to trauma and experience resulting sequelae during their college experience. Epidemiological and clinical literature has linked the etiology and course of trauma, traumatic stress sequelae (TSS), and substance use (SUB). This link may be understood from a Social Learning (SLT) framework which views substance use as an effort to cope with psychological distress associated with ongoing traumatic sequelae. Further, SLT posits that these phenomena are reciprocally related, and are affected by individual and environmental factors. Despite high rates of trauma, TSS, and SUB in college populations, theoretically guided, prospective examination of these associations and factors affecting their course in college students have been curiously absent in the empirical literature. This research seeks to provide a theoretically guided investigation of the dynamic course of traumatic stress sequelae and alcohol, illicit drugs, and tobacco use in college students. On-line survey data will be collected in 6 waves in the first year and 4 waves each year for the subsequent years. Data will be collected at two public universities. Students at SUNY Buffalo and UNC Greensboro will be contacted by e-mail in the summer prior to matriculation and will be screened via web-based survey for trauma exposure and traumatic stress sequelae. Based on this screening, a sample of 1,004 (TSS and non-TSS) students will be targeted for follow-up. Using web technology, students will be surveyed first in the Fall semester of each year in college, and will be assessed multiple times each year of the study. Prospective associations among trauma, TSS, and substance use trajectories will be examined using latent growth curve modeling. Mediators (self- efficacy) and moderators (gender, coping, social influences) will be tested consistent with Social Learning Theory, and other relevant theoretical frameworks. The impact of trauma and TSS on university drop-out rates also will be examined. This research will help to shape understanding of the TSS-SUB association, and to inform the development of targeted substance use interventions for college students. Findings also will offer valuable information for university administrators regarding student attrition and retention.