Trauma, Trauma Sequela, and Alcohol Information Processing

创伤、创伤后遗症和酒精信息处理

• 批准号: 7525116
• 负责人: JENNIFER P. READ
• 金额: $ 21.88万
• 依托单位: STATE UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK AT BUFFALO
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2008
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2008-07-15 至 2013-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7525116
• 关键词: Accounting; Adult; Affect; Alcohol abuse; Alcohol consumption; Alcohols; Awareness; Behavior; Belief; Cognition; Cognitive; Computer information processing; Condition; Cues; Data; Disease; Emotions; Environment; Evaluation; Event; Exclusion; Expectancy; Exposure to; Freedom; Heavy Drinking; Individual; Intervention; Knowledge; Lead; Learning; Light; Link; Mediating; Mediation; Memory; Modeling; Moods; Numbers; Participant; Pathway interactions; Post-Traumatic Stress Disorders; Preventive Intervention; Process; Property; Public Health; Range; Reaction Time; Research; Risk; Self Medication; Services; Severities; Specificity; Stress; Students; Symptoms; Testing; Trauma; Traumatic Stress Disorders; Work; alcohol cue; alcohol effect; alcohol measurement; college; coping; drinking; experience; interest; negative mood; psychologic; research study; social; therapy design; university student

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Trauma, Trauma Sequelae, and Alcohol Information Processing College students are at risk for both trauma and resulting traumatic stress sequelae (TSS). Perhaps not coincidentally, the use of alcohol (ALC) is prevalent on U.S. campuses, and is associated with myriad consequences. TSS and ALC commonly co-occur, and are posited to be causally related to one another. Yet, no research has examined interrelated cognitive mechanisms by which traumatic stress sequelae may affect alcohol use in this at-risk group. The relevance of negative emotion and information processing in understanding TSS-ALC associations is noted in both Self-Medication and Social Learning (SLT) models. Data suggest that trauma and its sequelae may alter information processing mechanisms, such that individuals with TSS demonstrate an attentional bias to relevant cues. This bias appears to be specific to emotionally relevant information. We posit that the co-occurrence of TSS and drinking may be explained by closely associated TSS and ALC information memory networks that are linked by a process of spreading activation. That is, trauma cues may activate both negative emotions and alcohol-related information in sequence, resulting in a bias to process this information in ways that are likely to lead to drinking. We propose that activation of a trauma memory network will impact alcohol information processing in three ways. First, this activation will result in a bias to process positive alcohol expectancies, most specifically, self-medication expectancies. Second, processing alcohol information will interfere with processing other emotionally irrelevant information when a trauma network is activated. Finally, alcohol will be more strongly associated in memory with positively valenced information when a trauma memory network is activated. Implicit cognition has been shown to be important for understanding alcohol use, and has been suggested to be a critical etiological factor in posttraumatic stress. Here, we use multiple tasks (expectancy reaction time; E-TASK, Modified Stroop;M-Stroop, IAT) to assess implicit TSS-ALC cognitive processes. Two experiments will examine causal paths through which trauma cues affect alcohol information processing in college students with and without posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The first will evaluate the impact of trauma cue and PTSD on bias in processing alcohol expectancies (E-TASK) and interference in processing alcohol information (M-Stroop). The second will test the impact of cue exposure and PTSD on the evaluation (positive, negative associations) of alcohol information using the IAT. Findings will inform interventions designed to modify positive beliefs about alcohol in the interest of decreasing heavy drinking on college campuses. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: The college years represent a transition into adulthood, during which students experience adult freedoms and responsibilities, and when they must learn to negotiate these in an environment where drinking is the norm. This may pose a particular challenge to those already attempting to cope with post- traumatic stress. Knowledge from this study regarding how alcohol beliefs are affected by trauma and posttraumatic disorder (PTSD) will inform interventions designed to decrease heavy and problem drinking on college campuses.

描述（由申请人提供）：创伤，创伤后遗症和酒精信息处理大学生面临创伤和由此产生的创伤性压力后遗症（TSS）的风险。也许并非偶然，酒精（ALC）在美国校园中普遍存在，并且与无数后果有关。 TSS和ALC通常同时发生，并被认为是因果关系。然而，尚无研究检查相互关联的认知机制，通过这种机制，创伤性应激后遗症可能会影响该高危人群中的酒精使用。负面情绪和信息处理与理解TSS-ALC关联的相关性在自我药物和社会学习（SLT）模型中都指出。数据表明，创伤及其后遗症可能会改变信息处理机制，以便具有TSS的个体表现出对相关提示的注意力偏见。这种偏见似乎是针对情感相关信息的。我们认为，TSS和饮酒的共发生可以通过密切相关的TSS和ALC信息记忆网络来解释，而TSS和ALC信息记忆网络通过传播激活的过程链接。也就是说，创伤线索可能会依次激活负面情绪和与酒精有关的信息，从而偏见以可能导致饮酒的方式处理这些信息。我们建议激活创伤记忆网络将以三种方式影响酒精信息处理。首先，这种激活将导致处理积极的酒精期望值，最具体地说是自我药物预期。其次，当激活创伤网络时，处理酒精信息将干扰处理其他情绪无关的信息。最后，当激活创伤记忆网络时，酒精将在记忆中与正相关的信息相关。隐性认知已被证明对于理解酒精的使用很重要，并被认为是创伤后压力的关键病因学因素。在这里，我们使用多个任务（预期反应时间；电子任务，修改的stroop; m-stroop，iat）来评估隐式TSS-ALC认知过程。两项实验将检查因果关系，通过这些因果线索会影响患有和没有创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）的大学生的酒精信息处理。第一个将评估创伤提示和PTSD对处理酒精预期（E任务）和处理酒精信息的干扰（M-STROOP）对偏见的影响。第二个将测试提示暴露和PTSD对使用IAT评估（正，负相关）的影响。调查结果将为旨在改变对酒精的积极信念的干预措施提供信息，以减少大学校园中的大量饮酒。公共卫生相关性：大学时代代表了成年期的过渡，在此期间，学生经历了成人自由和责任，以及他们必须学会在饮酒的环境中学会协商这些。这可能对已经试图应对后压力的人构成一个特殊的挑战。这项研究的知识了解如何受到创伤和创伤后疾病（PTSD）的影响，将为旨在减少大学校园中的重量和饮酒问题的干预措施提供信息。