Trauma, Trauma Sequela, and Alcohol Information Processing

创伤、创伤后遗症和酒精信息处理

• 批准号: 8099715
• 负责人: JENNIFER P. READ
• 金额: $ 19.79万
• 依托单位: STATE UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK AT BUFFALO
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2008
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2008-07-15 至 2013-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8099715
• 关键词: Accounting; Adult; Affect; Alcohol abuse; Alcohol consumption; Alcohols; Awareness; Behavior; Belief; Cognition; Cognitive; Cues; Data; Disease; Emotions; Environment; Evaluation; Event; Exclusion; Expectancy; Exposure to; Freedom; Health; Heavy Drinking; Individual; Intervention; Knowledge; Lead; Learning; Light; Link; Mediating; Mediation; Memory; Modeling; Moods; Participant; Pathway interactions; Post-Traumatic Stress Disorders; Preventive Intervention; Process; Property; Reaction Time; Research; Risk; Self Medication; Services; Severities; Specificity; Stress; Students; Symptoms; Testing; Trauma; Work; alcohol effect; alcohol expectancy; alcohol involvement; college; coping; drinking; experience; information processing; interest; negative mood; psychologic; research study; social; therapy design; university student

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Trauma, Trauma Sequelae, and Alcohol Information Processing College students are at risk for both trauma and resulting traumatic stress sequelae (TSS). Perhaps not coincidentally, the use of alcohol (ALC) is prevalent on U.S. campuses, and is associated with myriad consequences. TSS and ALC commonly co-occur, and are posited to be causally related to one another. Yet, no research has examined interrelated cognitive mechanisms by which traumatic stress sequelae may affect alcohol use in this at-risk group. The relevance of negative emotion and information processing in understanding TSS-ALC associations is noted in both Self-Medication and Social Learning (SLT) models. Data suggest that trauma and its sequelae may alter information processing mechanisms, such that individuals with TSS demonstrate an attentional bias to relevant cues. This bias appears to be specific to emotionally relevant information. We posit that the co-occurrence of TSS and drinking may be explained by closely associated TSS and ALC information memory networks that are linked by a process of spreading activation. That is, trauma cues may activate both negative emotions and alcohol-related information in sequence, resulting in a bias to process this information in ways that are likely to lead to drinking. We propose that activation of a trauma memory network will impact alcohol information processing in three ways. First, this activation will result in a bias to process positive alcohol expectancies, most specifically, self-medication expectancies. Second, processing alcohol information will interfere with processing other emotionally irrelevant information when a trauma network is activated. Finally, alcohol will be more strongly associated in memory with positively valenced information when a trauma memory network is activated. Implicit cognition has been shown to be important for understanding alcohol use, and has been suggested to be a critical etiological factor in posttraumatic stress. Here, we use multiple tasks (expectancy reaction time; E-TASK, Modified Stroop;M-Stroop, IAT) to assess implicit TSS-ALC cognitive processes. Two experiments will examine causal paths through which trauma cues affect alcohol information processing in college students with and without posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The first will evaluate the impact of trauma cue and PTSD on bias in processing alcohol expectancies (E-TASK) and interference in processing alcohol information (M-Stroop). The second will test the impact of cue exposure and PTSD on the evaluation (positive, negative associations) of alcohol information using the IAT. Findings will inform interventions designed to modify positive beliefs about alcohol in the interest of decreasing heavy drinking on college campuses. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: The college years represent a transition into adulthood, during which students experience adult freedoms and responsibilities, and when they must learn to negotiate these in an environment where drinking is the norm. This may pose a particular challenge to those already attempting to cope with post- traumatic stress. Knowledge from this study regarding how alcohol beliefs are affected by trauma and posttraumatic disorder (PTSD) will inform interventions designed to decrease heavy and problem drinking on college campuses.

描述（由申请人提供）：创伤、创伤后遗症和酒精信息处理 大学生面临着遭受创伤和由此产生的创伤性应激后遗症 (TSS) 的风险。也许并非巧合的是，酒精的使用 (ALC) 在美国校园中很普遍，并且会带来多种后果。 TSS 和 ALC 通常同时发生，并且被认为彼此存在因果关系。然而，尚无研究探讨创伤性应激后遗症可能影响这一高危人群饮酒的相关认知机制。自我治疗和社交学习 (SLT) 模型都指出了负面情绪和信息处理在理解 TSS-ALC 关联方面的相关性。数据表明，创伤及其后遗症可能会改变信息处理机制，使得 TSS 患者表现出对相关线索的注意力偏差。这种偏见似乎特定于与情感相关的信息。我们假设 TSS 和饮酒同时出现可以通过密切相关的 TSS 和 ALC 信息记忆网络来解释，这些网络通过传播激活过程联系在一起。也就是说，创伤线索可能会依次激活负面情绪和与酒精相关的信息，从而导致以可能导致饮酒的方式处理这些信息的偏见。我们认为创伤记忆网络的激活将从三个方面影响酒精信息处理。首先，这种激活将导致处理积极的酒精预期的偏差，特别是自我药疗预期。其次，当创伤网络被激活时，处理酒精信息会干扰处理其他与情感无关的信息。最后，当创伤记忆网络被激活时，酒精在记忆中与正价信息的联系会更紧密。内隐认知已被证明对于理解酒精使用很重要，并且被认为是创伤后应激的关键病因。在这里，我们使用多个任务（预期反应时间；E-TASK，Modified Stroop；M-Stroop，IAT）来评估隐式 TSS-ALC 认知过程。两项实验将研究创伤线索影响患有或不患有创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）的大学生酒精信息处理的因果路径。第一个将评估创伤线索和 PTSD 对处理酒精预期偏差 (E-TASK) 和处理酒精信息干扰 (M-Stroop) 的影响。第二个将使用 IAT 测试线索暴露和 PTSD 对酒精信息评估（积极、消极关联）的影响。研究结果将为旨在改变对酒精的积极信念的干预措施提供信息，以减少大学校园的酗酒现象。公共卫生相关性：大学时期代表着向成年的过渡，在此期间，学生体验成人的自由和责任，并且他们必须学会在饮酒成为常态的环境中协商这些。这可能对那些已经试图应对创伤后压力的人构成特殊的挑战。这项研究中关于酒精信念如何受到创伤和创伤后障碍 (PTSD) 影响的知识将为旨在减少大学校园酗酒和问题饮酒的干预措施提供信息。