Maximizing geospatial methods to understand emotional processes in Stress-Related Drinking Risk

摘要 负面情绪(NA)和调节这种情绪的困难(ER)是 饮酒风险。实验数据表明，酒精暗示会增强NA效应和 危及ER的能力，进一步加剧了饮酒的脆弱性。然而，这些研究 一直局限于实验室，缺乏生态学有效性。还没有研究检查影响和 呃因为他们发生在日常生活中，实时和真实的环境中。这是一个重要的差距， 知识库，作为对环境环境如何影响 与饮酒有关的情感过程可能会为干预提供信息。地理空间信息(GI) 科技可以提高人们对日常生活中酒精提示环境的了解。这包括 环境的两个关键维度：瞬间的环境线索影响(即酒精 一个人在经历NA时所暴露的环境)，并聚集环境 影响(即，酒精提示环境中随时间推移的典型运动模式)。 在本应用程序中，我们建议对酒精如何提示进行细粒度检查 环境将日常生活中的情感、ER和饮酒风险联系起来。我们的社区样本 (n=220)将完成基线评估和为期14天的EMA协议，以检查 环境中的酒精暗示可能会使NA和调节NA的努力联系在一起。利用时间- 盖章的地理位置数据和EMA每日报告，环境影响将在 瞬时(即，发生NA时的上下文)和聚集(即， 与环境相互作用的典型模式)在14天评估期内的水平。 GPS、EMA自我报告和访谈数据将一起用于描述环境 将利用全球定位系统/环境影响评估和全球定位系统/环境影响评估的自我报告将北美(目标1a、1b)和紧急救援联系起来 (目标2a，2b)酒精提示环境，并检查这些因素如何导致认知 (饮酒冲动)和行为(饮酒、饮酒)实时饮酒风险。处于探索性阶段 通过分析，我们将审查NA X ER X环境(目标2c)的交互影响。因为 一个长期目标是使用这些数据来通知干预发展，在目标3中，一个随机的 样本的选定子集(n=30)将收到关于情感相关的个性化反馈 在具体的环境风险背景下饮酒。另一个(n=30)将进行评估，但 没有收到任何反馈。两组均随访1个月以上。这项研究将是第一个 我们在日常生活中研究NA和ER对饮酒风险的贡献的知识 生活环境。研究结果可以为更大规模的研究提供下一步的指导，并可应用于 在日常生活中考虑个人的干预措施的发展。

ABSTRACT Negative affect (NA) and difficulty regulating this affect (ER) are key determinants of drinking risk. Experimental data have shown that alcohol cues augment NA effects and compromise ER capabilities, further contributing to drinking vulnerability. Yet, these studies have been limited to the lab, and lack ecological validity. No studies have examined affect and ER as they occur in daily life, in real time and in real settings. This is an important gap in the knowledge base, as an understanding of how environmental circumstances may influence the affective processes implicated in drinking could inform intervention. Geospatial information (GI) technology can enhance understanding of the daily life alcohol cue environment. This includes two key dimensions of the environment: momentary environmental cue influences (i.e. alcohol environments that a person is exposed to while experiencing NA), and aggregate environmental influences (i.e., typical patterns of movement within alcohol cue environments over time). In this application, we propose a fine-grained examination of how alcohol cue environments contextualize affect, ER, and drinking risk in daily life. Our community sample (N=220) will complete a baseline assessment, and a 14-day EMA protocol to examine how alcohol cues in the environment may contextualize NA and efforts to regulate NA. Using time- stamped geolocation data and daily EMA reports, environmental influences will be examined at both the momentary (i.e., the context at the time that NA is occurring), and aggregate (i.e., typical patterns of interaction with the environment) level across the 14-day assessment period. GPS, EMA self-report, and interview data will be used together to depict environmental influences, and GPS/EMA self-report will be used to temporally link NA (Aim 1a,1b) and ER (Aim 2a,2b) to alcohol cue environmental, and to examine how these factors lead to cognitive (urge to drink) and behavioral (alcohol seeking, drinking) drinking risk in real-time. In exploratory analyses, we will examine the interactive effects of NA X ER X Environment (Aim 2c). Because a long-term goal is to use these data to inform intervention development, in Aim 3, a randomly selected subset (n=30) of the sample will received personalized feedback about affect-related drinking in the context of idiographic environmental risk. Another (n=30) will be assessed but receive no feedback. Both groups with be followed over 1-month. This study will be the first to our knowledge to examine the contributions of NA and ER to drinking risk in the context of daily life environments. Findings can inform next steps for larger-scale studies, and can be applied to the development of interventions that consider the individual in the context of daily life.