Trauma, Trauma Sequela, and Alcohol Information Processing

创伤、创伤后遗症和酒精信息处理

基本信息

批准号：
8299643
负责人：
JENNIFER P. READ
金额：
$ 19.79万
依托单位：
STATE UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK AT BUFFALO
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2008
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2008-07-15 至 2015-06-30
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

ABSTRACT: Trauma, Trauma Sequelae, and Alcohol Information Processing College students are at risk for both trauma and resulting traumatic stress sequelae (TSS). Perhaps not coincidentally, the use of alcohol (ALC) is prevalent on U.S. campuses, and is associated with myriad consequences. TSS and ALC commonly co-occur, and are posited to be causally related to one another. Yet, no research has examined interrelated cognitive mechanisms by which traumatic stress sequelae may affect alcohol use in this at-risk group. The relevance of negative emotion and information processing in understanding TSS-ALC associations is noted in both Self-Medication and Social Learning (SLT) models. Data suggest that trauma and its sequelae may alter information processing mechanisms, such that individuals with TSS demonstrate an attentional bias to relevant cues. This bias appears to be specific to emotionally relevant information. We posit that the co-occurrence of TSS and drinking may be explained by closely associated TSS and ALC information memory networks that are linked by a process of spreading activation. That is, trauma cues may activate both negative emotions and alcohol-related information in sequence, resulting in a bias to process this information in ways that are likely to lead to drinking. We propose that activation of a trauma memory network will impact alcohol information processing in three ways. First, this activation will result in a bias to process positive alcohol expectancies, most specifically, self-medication expectancies. Second, processing alcohol information will interfere with processing other emotionally irrelevant information when a trauma network is activated. Finally, alcohol will be more strongly associated in memory with positively valenced information when a trauma memory network is activated. Implicit cognition has been shown to be important for understanding alcohol use, and has been suggested to be a critical etiological factor in posttraumatic stress. Here, we use multiple tasks (expectancy reaction time; E-TASK, Modified Stroop;M-Stroop, IAT) to assess implicit TSS-ALC cognitive processes. Two experiments will examine causal paths through which trauma cues affect alcohol information processing in college students with and without posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The first will evaluate the impact of trauma cue and PTSD on bias in processing alcohol expectancies (E-TASK) and interference in processing alcohol information (M-Stroop). The second will test the impact of cue exposure and PTSD on the evaluation (positive, negative associations) of alcohol information using the IAT. Findings will inform interventions designed to modify positive beliefs about alcohol in the interest of decreasing heavy drinking on college campuses. PROJECT NARRATIVE The college years represent a transition into adulthood, during which students experience adult freedoms and responsibilities, and when they must learn to negotiate these in an environment where drinking is the norm. This may pose a particular challenge to those already attempting to cope with post- traumatic stress. Knowledge from this study regarding how alcohol beliefs are affected by trauma and posttraumatic disorder (PTSD) will inform interventions designed to decrease heavy and problem drinking on college campuses.

摘要：创伤，创伤后遗症和酒精信息处理大学生面临创伤和由此产生的创伤性压力后遗症（TSS）的风险。也许不是偶然的，酒精（ALC）在美国校园中普遍存在，并且是与无数后果有关。 TSS和ALC通常同时发生，被认为是因果关系彼此相关。然而，没有研究检查相互关联的认知机制创伤应力后遗症可能会影响该高危组的酒精使用。负面情绪和信息处理与理解TSS-ALC的相关性在自我药物和社会学习（SLT）模型中都指出了关联。数据表明创伤及其后遗症可能会改变信息处理机制，使得患有 TSS表现出对相关提示的注意力偏见。这种偏见似乎是特定于情感的相关信息。我们认为，TSS和饮酒的共发生可以解释密切关联的TSS和ALC信息记忆网络通过扩散激活。也就是说，创伤线索可能会激活负面情绪和与酒精有关信息顺序，导致偏见以可能导致的方式处理此信息喝酒。我们建议激活创伤记忆网络会影响酒精信息以三种方式处理。首先，这种激活将导致处理阳性酒精的偏见期望值，最具体地说是自我药物预期。其次，加工酒精当创伤时，信息将干扰处理其他情绪无关的信息网络已激活。最后，酒精将与积极的记忆力相关激活创伤记忆网络时的价值信息。隐性认知已显示对于理解饮酒很重要，并被认为是关键的病因创伤后压力的因素。在这里，我们使用多个任务（预期反应时间；电子任务，，修改后的stroop; m-stroop，iat）评估隐式TSS-ALC认知过程。两个实验将检查创伤线索影响酒精信息的因果路径患有和没有创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）的大学生进行处理。第一个意愿评估创伤提示和PTSD对处理酒精预期（E任务）和干扰加工酒精信息（M-stroop）。第二个将测试提示的影响利用酒精信息评估（正，负相关）的暴露和PTSD使用 IAT。调查结果将为旨在改变对酒精的积极信念的干预措施提供信息减少大学校园中的大量饮酒。项目叙述大学时代代表了成年的过渡，在此期间学生体验成人自由和责任，以及何时必须学会在一个环境中谈判这些喝酒是常态。这可能对已经试图应对后的人构成一个特殊的挑战创伤应力。这项研究的知识涉及酒精信念如何受到创伤的影响和创伤后疾病（PTSD）将为旨在减少重量和饮酒问题的干预措施提供信息在大学校园。